Mastering Effective Business Communications: Key Concepts and Challenges

 
Effective Business
Communications
 
Dr. Adeel Nasir
 
CONCEPTS AND PROBLEMS OF
COMMUNICATION
 
Convention of meaning
Perception of reality
Value attitude and options
 
Reactions to Denotations, Connotations and
Euphemisms
 
There are situations where sender of the message do not consider
the probable interpretations and reactions of receiver
Due to this miscommunication occurs, because words has both
denotative and connotative meanings
Joke can be misinterpreted as insult,
 
Denotation
 
It is usually a dictionary definition of a word
Denotative meaning inform the receiver, name, object, people and
event without indicating positive or negative qualities.
E.g. car, desk, book, house and water
It is imperative for sender and receiver to have same language and
similar understanding of the context.
 
Connotations
 
Connotative meaning enhance qualitative judgments and personal reactions.
e.g. house has a denotative meaning but villas, home, cottage, firetrap they all represent the
place of residence but has connotative meanings.
The word student has a denotative meaning but bookworm, Scholar, dropout are connotative
They represent how sender evaluate the subject
Some words such as efficient, gentle, prompt has favorable connotations
Other such as lazy, cowardly, rotten has unfavorable connotations.
Some words has positive connotation in one context and negative in another
The word cheap material has negative connotation and cheap price has positive connotations
To communicate effectively you should know the connotative meaning of your
words
 
Euphemism
 
a word or phrase used to 
avoid
 saying
an 
unpleasant
 or 
offensive
 word
"
Senior
 
citizen
" is a euphemism 
for
 "
old
 
person
"
 
Perception of reality
 
Each human sensory perceptions (i.e. touch, sight, hearing, smell, and
taste) are limited and each person mental filter are unique.
Complex, infinite and continues changing the material world provides
a special reality to each individual.
We make various abstractions, inferences and evaluations of the
world around us.
 
Perception of reality
 
Communication Problem with Perception of Reality
Abstracting:
When you focus on some details and omit others
Necessary and Desirable abstracts:
Due to limited time, space, expense and purpose you select only those facts which are pertinent
to your purpose and omit the rest
E.g. how you describe yourself in one page application
Problem with abstracting is that differences occur not only when person describe events but also
when they describe people, equipment, project and animals etc.
Slanted Statements
Slanting is unfair in factual reporting.
A person should determine that the fact they are acquainted with fully represents the whole
E.g. A news reporter should not write “A small group of change seekers listen to the address of governor” but
the writeup might state “between 250 to 350 people heard the address of governor.
Not only the language you use but also the type of information you include and exclude can result
in slanting, revealing your personal biases
 
Perception of reality
 
Communication Problem with Perception of Reality
Inferring:
Conclusions made by reasoning from evidence or premises are called
inferences.
We make assumptions and draw conclusions even though we are not able to
immediately verify the evidence.
Necessary, desirable inferences
for business and professional people, inferences are essential in analyzing, solving
problems and planning procedures. They draw desirable inferences after collecting as
much factual data as possible.
After analyzing various subjects Doctors draw inferences regarding the symptoms of a
decease for public information.
 
Perception of reality
 
Communication Problem with Perception of Reality
Inferring:
Risk of inferences
Inferences may be incorrect or unreliable
anticipate the risks before acting on drawn inferences
In a report, a writer should mention all the assumptions before presenting his or her
inferences.
One should distinguish clearly among inferences based on facts and mere guesstimates.
 
Values, Attitudes and opinions
 
Communication effectiveness depends on the values, attitudes and
options that communicators have in the mantle filters.
A receiver attitude towards a message can determine whether it is accepted,
rejected, distorted or avoided.
Communication problems involving values attitudes and opinions
Favorable or unfavorable information
For effective communication occasionally sender emphasizes on the
information that receivers found as beneficial or favorable.
Receiver often react to unfavorable information by rejecting, distorting and
avoiding it.
 
Values, Attitudes and opinions
 
Communication problems involving values attitudes and opinions
Inadequate or incorrect information
Occasionally people react according to their attitudes toward a situation rather than
to the facts.
E.g. customer went into the shop assuming vast discounts on goods because she saw 70%
discount chart outside. She got angry of the fact that no product in the shop was at 70%
discount because it was not flat but upto 70%.
Close Minds
Some people do not consider facts and additional information because they hold
rigid views regarding certain subjects.
Senders Credibility
Credibility in the sender is important to gain the favorable reaction from receiver
E.g. person from X political party can communicate effective with the person from the same
party. But may not get favorable response from Y political party worker.
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Explore the essential concepts of business communications, including denotation, connotations, euphemisms, and perception of reality. Gain insights into the nuances of communication and how misinterpretations can arise. Enhance your understanding of language usage to communicate more effectively in a business context.


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  1. Effective Business Communications Dr. Adeel Nasir

  2. CONCEPTS AND PROBLEMS OF COMMUNICATION Convention of meaning Perception of reality Value attitude and options

  3. Reactions to Denotations, Connotations and Euphemisms There are situations where sender of the message do not consider the probable interpretations and reactions of receiver Due to this miscommunication occurs, because words has both denotative and connotative meanings Joke can be misinterpreted as insult,

  4. Denotation It is usually a dictionary definition of a word Denotative meaning inform the receiver, name, object, people and event without indicating positive or negative qualities. E.g. car, desk, book, house and water It is imperative for sender and receiver to have same language and similar understanding of the context.

  5. Connotations Connotative meaning enhance qualitative judgments and personal reactions. e.g. house has a denotative meaning but villas, home, cottage, firetrap they all represent the place of residence but has connotative meanings. The word student has a denotative meaning but bookworm, Scholar, dropout are connotative They represent how sender evaluate the subject Some words such as efficient, gentle, prompt has favorable connotations Other such as lazy, cowardly, rotten has unfavorable connotations. Some words has positive connotation in one context and negative in another The word cheap material has negative connotation and cheap price has positive connotations To communicate effectively you should know the connotative meaning of your words

  6. Euphemism a word or phrase used to avoid saying an unpleasant or offensive word "Senior citizen" is a euphemism for "old person"

  7. Perception of reality Each human sensory perceptions (i.e. touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste) are limited and each person mental filter are unique. Complex, infinite and continues changing the material world provides a special reality to each individual. We make various abstractions, inferences and evaluations of the world around us.

  8. Perception of reality Communication Problem with Perception of Reality Abstracting: When you focus on some details and omit others Necessary and Desirable abstracts: Due to limited time, space, expense and purpose you select only those facts which are pertinent to your purpose and omit the rest E.g. how you describe yourself in one page application Problem with abstracting is that differences occur not only when person describe events but also when they describe people, equipment, project and animals etc. Slanted Statements Slanting is unfair in factual reporting. A person should determine that the fact they are acquainted with fully represents the whole E.g. A news reporter should not write A small group of change seekers listen to the address of governor but the writeup might state between 250 to 350 people heard the address of governor. Not only the language you use but also the type of information you include and exclude can result in slanting, revealing your personal biases

  9. Perception of reality Communication Problem with Perception of Reality Inferring: Conclusions made by reasoning from evidence or premises are called inferences. We make assumptions and draw conclusions even though we are not able to immediately verify the evidence. Necessary, desirable inferences for business and professional people, inferences are essential in analyzing, solving problems and planning procedures. They draw desirable inferences after collecting as much factual data as possible. After analyzing various subjects Doctors draw inferences regarding the symptoms of a decease for public information.

  10. Perception of reality Communication Problem with Perception of Reality Inferring: Risk of inferences Inferences may be incorrect or unreliable anticipate the risks before acting on drawn inferences In a report, a writer should mention all the assumptions before presenting his or her inferences. One should distinguish clearly among inferences based on facts and mere guesstimates.

  11. Values, Attitudes and opinions Communication effectiveness depends on the values, attitudes and options that communicators have in the mantle filters. A receiver attitude towards a message can determine whether it is accepted, rejected, distorted or avoided. Communication problems involving values attitudes and opinions Favorable or unfavorable information For effective communication occasionally sender emphasizes on the information that receivers found as beneficial or favorable. Receiver often react to unfavorable information by rejecting, distorting and avoiding it.

  12. Values, Attitudes and opinions Communication problems involving values attitudes and opinions Inadequate or incorrect information Occasionally people react according to their attitudes toward a situation rather than to the facts. E.g. customer went into the shop assuming vast discounts on goods because she saw 70% discount chart outside. She got angry of the fact that no product in the shop was at 70% discount because it was not flat but upto 70%. Close Minds Some people do not consider facts and additional information because they hold rigid views regarding certain subjects. Senders Credibility Credibility in the sender is important to gain the favorable reaction from receiver E.g. person from X political party can communicate effective with the person from the same party. But may not get favorable response from Y political party worker.

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