Understanding Electrocardiography (ECG) in Medical Physiology Stage 2 Lab
Electrocardiography (ECG) is a vital tool for recording the electrical activities of the heart muscle. This process involves detecting depolarization and repolarization through various waves such as P-wave, QRS complex, and T-wave. Understanding ECG components like PR segment, ST segment, and U-wave helps in evaluating heart health. Electrodes and leads placement play a crucial role in acquiring accurate ECG readings. Additionally, measuring heart rate from ECG provides valuable information about cardiac function.
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Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Al-Mustaqbal University College Anesthesia Technique Department Medical Physiology Stage 2 Lab./8 Title : - The Electrocardiography (ECG) Prepared by Asst.lec. Afrah jawad\ Faten kareem
ECG :- is a process of recording electrical activities ( depolarization and repolarization ) of whole heart muscle , electrical current spreads into the tissue surrounding the heart , a small of these spreads to the surface of the body. By surface recording electrode , electrical potentials generated can be recorded.
ECG is composed of :- 1-p wave:- represent of atrial depolarization , the voltage of p wave is 0.1 -0.3 mV 2- QRS complex wave:- represent of ventricular depolarization, the voltage of QRS is 1 mV. 3-T wave :- represent of ventricular repolarization, the voltage of T is 0.2-0.3 mV.
4- PR segment :- it is due to the delay in conduction through AV node 5-ST segment :- it is the segment from end of the S wave to the beginning of the T wave 6-Uwave :- is not constant finding, due to slow depolarization of papillary muscle
ECG electrodes Bipolar leads 1- lead 1 :- between right arm and left arm. 2-Lead 11 :- between right arm and left leg. 3-Lead 111 :- between left arm and left leg.
Unipolar limb leads AVR AVL AVF
Unipolar chest leads V1 ;at right 4th intercostal space V2;at left 4th intercostal space V3;at midway between V2 and V4 V4;at left 5th intercostal space in mid clavicular line V5,V6;at left anterior and mid axillary line respectively.
Measure heart rate from ECG At speed 25 mm/se ,ECG paper passes 25 mm (25 small squares) each second . 15000mm each minute (1500 small squares) Heart rate = 1500/number of small squares between two R waves.
