Country Names in the Domain Name System (DNS)
The Domain Name System (DNS) plays a crucial role in attributing top-level and second-level domains to country names. This system is global and managed by ICANN, not national offices, allowing for unique attribution to one person. Examples of country names registered as second-level domains are provided along with the public interest in preserving the value of these domain names. The acquisition of the ".swiss" domain by Switzerland is also highlighted, showcasing the costs and considerations involved in owning a country-related domain name.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
1 Country names in the DNS SCT 37 Geneva, 28th March 2017 Nicolas Guyot Legal Adviser, Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property
2 Country names in the DNS: Top and second level domains Top Level Domain (TLD): watch.switzerland Second Level Domain (SLD): switzerland.watch
3 Specificities with country names in the DNS The internet is global and transnational TLDs are attributed by a non-governmental organisation (ICANN), not by national offices Each chain of characters can be attributed to one person only Country names can be monopolized in the DNS, with a global effect
4 Examples of country names registered as a SLD in .com Country Domain name Country of the holder of the domain name Activity on the domain name Brazil Cameroon France Iceland Italy Jordan Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Nepal Pakistan Peru Spain Turkey brazil.com cameroon.com france.com iceland.com italy.com jordan.com mali.com mauritania.com morocco.com mozambique.com nepal.com pakistan.com peru.com spain.com turkey.com China United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Panama United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Travel information about Brazil Domain name to sell ($699) Travel information about France Travel information about Iceland Information about Italy Web site of the outfitter Nike Domain name to sell ($1500) Domain name to sell ($499) Travel information about Morocco Domain name to sell Travel information about Nepal Domain name to sell Travel information about Peru Travel information about Spain Travel information about Turkey
5 Buy your own name? The example of .swiss Adjectival form of Switzerland in TLD Acquired by the Swiss Confederation in 2012 Switzerland wanted to avoid misuse of the name Swiss Costs : ICANN Statutory Application Fee: $ 185,000 ICANN gTLD Annual Maintenance Fee: $ 24,000 Cost of operation, annually, at least $ 200,000
6 Public interest in country name Preserve the value collectively created Domain names which contain a country name create certain expectations: that a website is managed by the authority (for example: info.switzerland). that the products sold on a website originate in a given country (swiss.watch, italy.design, japan.knives, argentina.meat, ).
7 Who does the name of your country belong to? States have the right to determine the conditions under which their own name can be used This principle should be internationally recognised
