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Automated Classification of Lung Cancer Types
from Cytological Images Using Deep
Convolutional Neural Networks
Paper By: Teramoto A., Tsukamoto T., Kiriyama Y., Fujita H.
Presented by: Jeremy Hui
Introduction
Lung Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide
Accurate classification of cancer types is required for accurate and
stable diagnosis
Primary Lung Cancers
Small cell lung cancer
Non-small cell lung cancer
Introduction
Non-small cell lung cancer can be further classified into
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Large cell carcinoma is easiest to detect
Focuses on adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small cell
carcinoma
Previous work
D. C. Ciresan, A. Giusti, L. M. Gambardella, and J. Schmid- huber,
“Mitosis detection in breast cancer histology images with deep neural
networks,” in 
Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted
Intervention—MICCAI 2011
, vol. 8150 of 
Lecture Notes in Computer
Science
, pp. 411–418, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2013.
H. Wang, A. Cruz-Roa, A. Basavanhally et al., “Mitosis detec- tion in
breast cancer pathology images by combining hand- crafted and
convolutional neural network features,” 
Journal of Medical Imaging
,
vol. 1, no. 3, p. 034003, 2014.
Approach
Automated classification for lung cancers presented in microscopic
images using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN)
Architecture
3 convolutional layers
3 pooling layers
2 fully connect layers
Image Dataset
76 cases of cancer cells collected
40 cases of adenocarcinoma
20 cases of squamous cell carcinoma
16 cases of small cell carcinoma
Digital camera attached to microscope with x40 objective lens used to
take images
82 images of adenocarcinoma
125 images of squamous cell carcinoma
91 images of small cell carcinoma
Image Dataset
Images in JPEG format of matrix size 2040 x 1536 pixels
768 x 768 square images were cropped
Resized to 256 x 256 pixels
Data Augmentation
DCNN requires a sufficient amount of training data
Rotating, inverting and filtering applied to the original images
Images were flipped, resulting in twice the original number
Gaussian filter applied in filtering
S.D of Gaussian kernel = 3 pixels
Convolutional edge enhancement filter was applied
Center weight 5.4, 8-surrounding weight -0.55
Architecture
3 convolutional layers, 3 pooling layers, 2 fully connected layers
Rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function after every convolution
layer
Probabilities of cancer types (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell
carcinoma, small cell carcinoma) obtained using softmax function
Dropout rate = 50% for full connection layers
Number of epochs = 60,000
Architecture
Results
3 fold cross-validation
Results
Results
Slide Note
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  1. Automated Classification of Lung Cancer Types from Cytological Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Paper By: Teramoto A., Tsukamoto T., Kiriyama Y., Fujita H. Presented by: Jeremy Hui

  2. Introduction Lung Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide Accurate classification of cancer types is required for accurate and stable diagnosis Primary Lung Cancers Small cell lung cancer Non-small cell lung cancer

  3. Introduction Non-small cell lung cancer can be further classified into Adenocarcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Large cell carcinoma Large cell carcinoma is easiest to detect Focuses on adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma

  4. Previous work D. C. Ciresan, A. Giusti, L. M. Gambardella, and J. Schmid- huber, Mitosis detection in breast cancer histology images with deep neural networks, in Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention MICCAI 2011, vol. 8150 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 411 418, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2013. H. Wang, A. Cruz-Roa, A. Basavanhally et al., Mitosis detec- tion in breast cancer pathology images by combining hand- crafted and convolutional neural network features, Journal of Medical Imaging, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 034003, 2014.

  5. Approach Automated classification for lung cancers presented in microscopic images using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) Architecture 3 convolutional layers 3 pooling layers 2 fully connect layers

  6. Image Dataset 76 cases of cancer cells collected 40 cases of adenocarcinoma 20 cases of squamous cell carcinoma 16 cases of small cell carcinoma Digital camera attached to microscope with x40 objective lens used to take images 82 images of adenocarcinoma 125 images of squamous cell carcinoma 91 images of small cell carcinoma

  7. Image Dataset Images in JPEG format of matrix size 2040 x 1536 pixels 768 x 768 square images were cropped Resized to 256 x 256 pixels

  8. Data Augmentation DCNN requires a sufficient amount of training data Rotating, inverting and filtering applied to the original images Images were flipped, resulting in twice the original number Gaussian filter applied in filtering S.D of Gaussian kernel = 3 pixels Convolutional edge enhancement filter was applied Center weight 5.4, 8-surrounding weight -0.55

  9. Architecture 3 convolutional layers, 3 pooling layers, 2 fully connected layers Rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function after every convolution layer Probabilities of cancer types (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma) obtained using softmax function Dropout rate = 50% for full connection layers Number of epochs = 60,000

  10. Architecture

  11. Results 3 fold cross-validation

  12. Results

  13. Results

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