Unity and Harmony Chants for Peace and Learning

 
Chapter 15:  Niphal
Verb Stem
 
 
הִנֵּה   מַה־טּוֹב          וּמַה־נָּעִים          שֶׁבֶת    אַחִים    גַּם־  יָֽחַד׃
     as one         
    
  brothers    
  
 dwell  
             
   and how pleasant  
     
   how good  
  
   behold
 How good and pleasant it is when brothers live together
 
in unity!
                     
(repeat)
Chorus:
הִנֵּה   מַה־טּוֹב               שֶׁבֶת    אַחִים    גַּם־  יָֽחַד׃
        How good when brothers live together
 
in unity!
הִנֵּה   מַה־טּוֹב               שֶׁבֶת    אַחִים    גַּם־  יָֽחַד׃
        How good when brothers live together
 
in unity!
 
4.L.  Sing: Shema lullaby
 
שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל     יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ    יְהוָה אֶחָֽד׃
(Deut. 6:4)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pIOpZ9fQLbU&t=0s&list=PLnNXzYjQerJia_
8yTy8OrM2K-BiN5OEup&index=2
or search Youtube for: “
Shema Lullaby Judy Ginsburgh”
Shabbat Shalom Medley
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
MBgACM_LcE&list=RDEMSL0J_ngrs5U8EoQWZITH5w&index=9
 
 5.I.
  
Oseh Shalom
 
עֹשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם בִּמְרוֹמָיו
He who makes peace in his high places
 הוּא יַעֲשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם עָלֵיֽנוּ
 may he let peace descent on us
 וְעַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל
and on all Israel
אָמֵן 
  
וְאִמְרוּ  אִמְרוּ
and say, say: Amen.
 
5.I.
  
Oseh Shalom
 
יַעֲשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם
May he make peace,
יַעֲשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם
may he make peace
שָׁלוֹם עָלֵיֽנוּ
Peace​​ for us
וְעַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל
and for all Israel
 
Alphabet Song
 
א  ב  ג  ד  ה  ו  ז  ח  ט  י  כ  ל
מ  נ  ס  ע  פ  צ  ק  ר  שׂ  שׁ  ת
Vanquishing the Vowel
 
Qal Perfect Chant
 
1CS
  
שָׁמַרְתִּי
    I guarded
  
 
  
1 CP     
שָׁמַרְנוּ
   we guarded
2 MS        
שָׁמַרְתָּ
  
     you (m.) guarded
  
2 MP   
שְׁמַרְתֶּם
  you (m.) guarded
2 FS              
שָׁמַרְתְּ
     you (f.) guarded 
  
2 FP     
שְׁמַרְתֶּן
   you (f.) guarded
3 MS            
שָׁמַר
      he guarded  
   
3 CP       
שָֽׁמְרוּ
   they guarded
3 FS            
שָֽׁמְרָה
     she guarded
 
Noun Chant
 
Masculine
דָּבָר
 
     
  
  
דְּבַר
 
 
     
     
 
 
 
 
דְּבָרִים
 
 
 
דִּבְרֵי
Feminine
  
 
תּוֹרָה
  
  
תּוֹרַת
 
  
                       
 
תּוֹרוֺת
  
 
תּוֹרוֹת
 
Dual
:   
 
יָד
   
 
יָדַיִם
                    
יַד
    
 
יְדֵי
 
Chant Personal Pronouns
 
1
st
 common 
 
 
אֲנִי
 
  
 I 
    
אֲנַחְנוּ
   
 
we
2
nd
 masc. 
  
אַתָּה
 
  
you (m.)
  
אַתֶּם
 
  
you /ye / you all (m.)
2
nd
 fem. 
  
אַתְּ
  
  
you (f.)
   
אַתֶּן
 
  
you / ye / you all (f.)
3
rd
 masc. 
  
הוּא
 
  
he / it
   
הֵם
 
 
 
they (m.)
3
rd
 fem. 
 
        
 
הִיא
 
  
she / it
  
 
 
הֵן
 
 
 
 
they (f.)
 
Chant:  Preposition with Pronominal Suffixes
 
1 CS 
  
בִּי
  
in me
    
1 CP
 
  
בָּנוּ
 
  
in us
2 MS
 
  
בְּךָ
 
 
in you (m.)
 
 
  
 
 
 
2 MP
 
  
בָּכֶם
 
  
in you (m.)
2 FS
 
 
 
 
בְּךְ
 
 
in you (f.)
 
 
   
  
2 FP
 
  
בָּכֶן
 
  
in you (f.)
3 MS
 
  
בּוֹ
 
 
in him
 
 
   
   
3 MP
 
  
בָּהֶם
 
  
in them (m.)
3 FS
 
 
 
 
בָּהּ
 
in her 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
3 FP
 
  
בָּהֶן
 
  
in them (f.)
Demonstrative Pronouns:  this and that
 
This / these                     that /  those                       who, which
 
זֶה
 
 
 
 
 
 
אֵלֶּה 
  
הוּא         
      
הֵמָה / הֵ
ם
 
              
 
א
ֲשֶׁר
זֹאת 
  
אֵלֶּה 
  
     
 
הִיא 
 
     
הֵנָּה / הֵ
ן
 
Qal Imperfect Chant
 
1CS
 
אֶשְׁמֹר
   
 
  
1CP
 
נִשְׁמֹר
2MS
 
תִּשְׁמֹר
     
2MP
 
 
תִּשְׁמְרוּ
2FS 
 
תִּשְׁמְרִי
     
2FP
 
 
תִּשְׁמֹרְנָה
3MS 
 
יִשְׁמֹר
 
   
 
 
    
3MP
 
 
יִשְׁמְרוּ
3FS 
 
תִּשְׁמֹר
  
 
   
3FP
 
 
תִּשְׁמֹרְנָה
 
9. F.  Chant:  Qal Perfect Weak Verb
 
 
  
  
‘Ayin-Yôd/Vāv      Lāme
d
-Hē
           
קוּם
                   
בָּנָה
                 
נָתַן
            
to rise                                    to build                                   to give
1CS
     
קַמְתִּי
                
בָּנִיתִי
                
נָתַתִּי
2MP 
  
קַמְתֶּם 
  
          
 
בְּנִיתֶם  
 
    
           
נְתַתֶּם
3CP 
    
  קָמוּ  
                 
בָּנוּ
                 
נָתְנוּ
                               
בָּנְתָה
 
(3fs)
 
10.B.   Chant:  
Ι
. Pē position--weak guttural
 
     
Regular    Pē-Nûn, 
 
 
Pē-Yôd,   
  
   Pē-’Āle
f
  
 
      
Pē-Guttural
תִּשְׁמֹר     
 
 
 
   
 
נָפַל
        
יָשַׁב
   
    
  
   אָמַר
         
עָמַד
2MS
/
3FS 
      
  
תִּפֹּל      
 
     
 
תֵּשֵׁב
    
 
  
תֹּאמַר
          
תַּעֲמֹד
 
 
10
.C
.  Chant 
II
. 
‘Ayin
 
position weak guttural
:
 
      
Regular    ‘Ayin-Yôd/Vāv     ‘Ayin guttural    Double ‘Ayin
     
       תִּשְׁמֹר 
    
קוּם
         
      
   
בָּחַר
     
 
        
תָּמַם
2MS/3FS
     
תָּקוּם           
  
            
 
תִּבְחַר 
      
  
        
תֵּתַם
 
10
.D.
  Chant: 
III
. 
Lāme
d
 position
:
 
      
      Regular     Lāme
d
-Hē         Lāme
d
-guttural  
   
Lāme
d
-’Āle
f
תִּשְׁמֹר         
  
      
  
בָּנָה
        
  
    
שָׁלַח
       
מָצָא
2MS/3FS
                   
 
 
   
תִּבְנֶה
     
   
    
תִּשְׁלַח
      
      
    
תִּמְצָא
11. D. Learn the following chant for
שָׁמַר
:  Imperative chant
 
2ms
 
 
שְׁמֹר
 
[you, m.s.] guard
 
2mp
 
שִׁמְרוּ
 
   [you m.p.] guard
 
 
2fs
 
  
שִׁמְרִי
 
 [you, f.s.] guard 
 
2fp
 
שְׁמֹרְנָה
  
 [you f.p.] guard
12. A. Introduction to Infinitives
 
 
Inf. Construct:    
שָׁמֹר
                              (note it is the same as the 2ms Imperative)
 
  
Inf. Absolute: 
שָׁמוֹר
 
13. C. Participle chant:
 
                         
Qal Active Participle
  
            Singular 
 
                     
 
Plural
Masculine
 
שֹׁמֵר
 
 
                
 
שֹׁמְרִים
Feminine
 
 
שֹׁמְרָה
 /
שֹׁמְרֶת
 
     
 
שֹׁמְרוֹת
 
13. C. Participle chant:
 
                   
Qal Passive Participle
 
  
               Singular    
 
Plural
Masculine
 
שָֽׁמוּר
 
 
    
 
שְׁמוּרִים
Feminine
 
 
שְׁמוּרָה
   
 
 
 
שְׁמוּרוֹת
15  A.  Introduction
 
We have focused on the Qal stem as it dominates
covering almost 70% of the verbs in the Tanak.
We have learned the perfect, imperfect, imperative,
infintives, and participle forms of the qal stem.
We’ve also examined the modifications that happen with
the weak verbs.
The next series of chapters will now begin to master the
other binyanim or verb stems.
15  A.  Introduction
 
While the name of the Qal stem is built off of the word
קָלַל
 
 which means light or simple, the others will be built
off the verb 
פָּעַל
 (to do, make).
Hence they are called the Niphal (
נִפְעַל
). It is sometimes
written Nif’al.
Note that 
פָּעַל
 
 is the root to which the 
נִ
 prefix is added
and the vowels shifted from the simple Qal form 
שָׁמַר
.
Verbal system has seven constructions/
patterns
 
Verbal system has seven constructions/patterns or
binyanim
 
[
בִּנְיָנִים
]
The verbal system may be described as seven variations
or stems built off the basic root (
שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ
 
= root) and
pictured as:
The Seven 
binyanim
 
[
בִּנְיָנִים
]
)
 
7  Verb Patterns (called 
binyanim
 
[
בִּנְיָנִים
]
)
 
 
 
  
         Simple
 
     
 
    Intensive
 
           
 
Causative
Active 
 
Qal (
שָׁמַר
)
  
    Piel 
( 
שִׁמֵּר
)
 
          
 
Hiphil 
( 
הִשְׁמִיר
)
Passive 
 
Niphal (
נִשְׁמַר
 
)
 
Pual (
שֻׁמַּר
 
)
 
     
 
Hophal (
הָשְׁמַר
 
)
Reflexive  
    
         Hithpael (
הִשְׁתַּמֵּר
 
)
 Seven verb patterns 
(the verb 
פָּעַל
—(to
make)
  is used to identify the patterns
 
Qal
 (
קַל
: simple/light, from 
קָלַל
 
 it was light) – 
פָּעַל
 
 Pā‘al –
he made – 49,942x
Niphal
נִפְעַל
 
 Ni
p
‘al – he was made (passive) – 4161x
Piel
פִּיעֵל
 
 Pî‘êl– he made (intensive) – 6491x
Hiphil
 -- 
הִפְעִיל
  Hi
p
îl – he caused to make (causative)–
9386x
Seven verb patterns
 
Hithpael
הִתְפַּעֵל
 Hi
t
pa‘ēl – he made himself
(intensive reflexive)– 842x
Pual
פּוּעַל
 Pû‘al – he was made (intensive
passive) – 417x
Hophal
 -- Hophal (
הָפְעַל
 
)  -- he was caused to
make (causative passive)– 392x
15 B. The usage of the Niphal 
 
It is basically the 
passive
 of the Qal.
An active verb is one where the subject does the action of
the verb (e.g. Terry hit the ball).
A passive verb is one where the subject receives the action of
the verb (e.g. Terry was hit by the ball).
Usually the 
passive
 form in English is achieved by inserting
some form of the “is” verb, in the case above “was” shifts the
“hit” to the passive where “Terry” receives the action of the
verb even though he is the subject.
So 
מָצַא
 
 is “he found” and  
נִמְצָא
 
 is “he was found” or 
שָׁמַע
 
 is
“he hears” and 
נִשְׁמַע
 
 is “he was heard.”
15 B. The usage of the Niphal
 
Quite often the passive in Hebrew will not express the agent
(e.g. “the ball) although in Hebrew the agent is often may be
indicated by a prepositional
 
בְּ 
 
or
 
לְ
 
or 
מִן
Some verbs (
סָתַר
 
–to hide; 
שָׁמַר
) the Niphal can be used for a
reflexive
 (
נִסְתַּר
 
– he hid himself
ְ
; 
נִשְׁמַר
 
 he kept himself).
Some verbs have no Qal in which case the Niphal form is used
for the 
active
 meaning similar to if it had been a Qal (
נִלְחַם
he fought
; 
נִשְׁבַּע
—he swore
)
15 C. The morphology of the Niphal Perfect 
 
The Perfect of the Niphal for the regular verb is:  just remember
3ms = 
נִשְׁמַר
1CS  
נִשְׁמַרְתִּי
  
 
I was guarded 
  
1CP  
נִשְׁמַרְנוּ
   we were guarded
2MS  
נִשְׁמַרְתָּ
  
 
you (m)               
 
2MP  
נִשְׁמַרְתֶּם
  you (mp)
2FS  
נִשְׁמַרְתְּ
  
 
you (f)                  
 
2FP    
נִשְׁמַרְתֶּן
   you (fp)
3MS  
נִשְׁמַר
  
 
he was guarded 
 
3CP  
נִשְׁמְרוּ
   they were guarded
3FS  
נִשְׁמְרָה
  
 
she was guarded
15 C. The morphology of the Niphal Perfect 
 
The pronominal endings are added normally with the
vocalic endings (
ָה  
  
and 
וּ
) causing the vowel under
the second consonant to drop to a š
e
vā’ as they did
in the Qal otherwise the simple š
e
vā’ is used to tack on
the normal perfect suffixes (
תִּי, תָּ, תְּ, נוּ, תֶּם, תֶּן
).
The 
נִ 
 on the front clearly will identify the form as a
Niphal perfect verb.
Examples:
 
וּבְנָבִיא נִשְׁמָר 
 
   (Hos 12:14)
 
 
and by a prophet he was guarded
אֶת־חֲסִידָיו לְעוֹלָם נִשְׁמָרוּ 
   
(Psa 37:28)
 
 
his faithful ones forever will be guarded
15. D. Weak Verb Perfect Niphals
 
Pē Yôd verbs:   
יָשַׁב
 
For the Pē Yôd verbs one must remember that they
originally were built from an initial vāv where the
yôd now sits.
Instead of the Niphal starting with a
 
נִ
 a 
נוֹ
 
 will be
tacked on the front.  Other than that it is pretty
straight forward.  Here is the Niphal of 
יָשַׁב 
 
(to sit,
dwell) becomes 
נוֹשַׁב
 
.
Pē Yôd verbs:   
יָשַׁב
 
1CS  
נוֹשַׁ֫בְתִּי
 
I was seated
 
 
  
1CP  
נוֺשַׁ֫בְנוּ
   we were seated
2MS  
נוֹשַׁבְתָּ
  
 
you (ms)   
 
              2MP  
נוֹשַׁבְתֶּם
  you (mp)
2FS  
נוֹשַׁבְתְּ
  
 
you (fs) 
  
                   2FP  
נוֹשַׁבְתֶּן
   you (fp)
3MS  
נוֹשַׁב
  
 
he was seated 
 
     
 
3CP  
נוֹשְׁבוּ
   they were seated
3FS  
נוֹשְׁבָה
  
 
she was seated
Example:
 
 
 
(
J
e
r
 
2
2
:
6
)
אֲ
שִׁ
י
תְ
ךָ
 
מִ
דְ
בָּ
ר
 
עָ
רִ
י
ם
 
לֹ
א
 
נ
וֹ
שָֽׁ
ב
וּ
I will make you a desert, they will be uninhabited
cities
 
Pē Nûn Verbs:
  
נָגַשׁ
 
When you add the
 
נִ
 
onto the front of a Pē Nûn
verb the nûn of the root assimilates into the
second consonant of the verb doubling that
second consonant with a doubling dagesh
forte.
Pē Nûn Verbs:  
נָגַשׁ
 
1CS  
נִגַּ֫שְׁתִּי
 
 
I drew near
 
 
  
1CP  
נִגַּשְׁנוּ
   we drew near
2MS  
נִגַּ֫שְׁתָּ
  
 
you (ms)              
 
2MP  
נִגַּשְׁתֶּם
  you (mp)
2FS  
נִגַּשְׁתְּ
  
 
you (fs)
     
2FP  
נִגַּשְׁתֶּן
   you (fp)
3MS  
נִגַּשׁ
  
 
he drew near 
  
3CP  
נִגַּשְׁוּ
 
they drew near
3FS  
נִגְּשָׁה
  
 
 
she drew near
 
Example of 
נָתַן
 
כִּי־כֻלָּם נִתְּנוּ לַמָּוֶת אֶל־אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּית 
    (Eze 31:14)
 
 
for all of them will be given over to death unto
the earth below
 
Pē Guttural:  
עָמַד
 
The 
נִ 
 prefix shift to
 
נֶ 
 
is the easy distinguishing
mark of all of these.  The š
e
vā’ under the initial
guttural shifts to a ḥatēf-seghôl (
עֱ
).  When the vocalic
sufformatives are added the ḥatēf-seghôl under the
guttural becomes a seghôl.
Pē Guttural:  
עָמַד
 
1CS 
נֶעֱמַ֫דְתִּי
 
 I was stood
 
 
  
1CP  
נֶעֱמַ֫דְנוּ
 
  we were stood
2MS  
נֶעֱמַ֫דְְתָּ
  you (ms) 
 
          
 
2MP  
נֶעֱמַ֫דְתֶּם
  you (mp)
2FS  
נֶעֱמַדְתְּ
  
 
you (fs) 
 
              
 
2FP  
נֶעֱמַ֫דְתֶּן
   you (fp)
3MS  
נֶעֱמַד
  
 
he was stood
  
3CP  
נֶעֶמְדוּ
   they were stood
3FS  
נֶעֶמַדָה
  
 
 she was stood
 
Lāme
d
 
Verbs: 
 
בָּנָה
 
When you add the
 
נִ
 
onto the front of a Lāme
d
Hē verb it is normal. It is the final Hē where the
action takes place. When the consonantal
endings are added the Hē shifts to
 
ֵי
  
and totally
drops out when the vocalic 3cp sufformative is
added and a media 
ת
 is added for the 3fs.
Lāme
d
 
Verbs: 
 
בָּנָה
 
1CS  
נִבְנֵ֫יתִי
 
   
I was built
 
 
  
1CP  
נִבְנֵ֫ינוּ
   we were built
2MS  
נִבְנֵ֫יתָ
  
 
you (ms)      
 
      
 
2MP  
נִבְנֵיתֶּם
  you (mp)
2FS  
נִבְנֵיתְ
  
 
you (fs)            
  
2FP  
נִבְנֵיתֶּן
   you (fp)
3MS  
נִבְנָה
  
 
he was built
 
 
  
3CP  
נִבְנוּ
   
   
they were built
3FS  
נִבְנתָה
  
 
she was built
’Āle
f 
Hē Verbs
:  
מָצָא
 
1CS  
נִמְצֵאתִי
 
I was found
  
 
 
1CP  
נִמְצֵאנוּ
   we were found
2MS  
נִמְצֵאתָ
  
 
you (ms)   
 
           
 
2MP  
נִמְצֵאתֶּם
  you (mp)
2FS  
נִמְצֵאתְ
  
 
you (fs)                 
 
2FP  
נִמְצֵאתֶּן
   you (fp)
3MS  
נִמְצָא
  
 
he was found
 
 
  
3CP  
נִמְצְאוּ
   
   
they were found
3FS  
נִמְצְאָה
  
 
 
she was found
15 D. The morphology of the Niphal
Imperfect 
 
1CS  
אֶשָּׁמֵר
 
    
I will be kept
 
 
 
1CP  
נִשָּׁמֵר
 
 
we will be kept
2MS  
תִּשָּׁמֵר
 
you (ms)         
 
 
 
2MP  
תִּשָּׁמְּרוּ
 
 
you (mp)
2FS  
תִּשָּֽׁמְרִי
 
 you (fs)          
  
2FP  
תִּשָּׁמַרְנָה
 
 
you (fp)
3MS  
יִשָּׁמֵר
 
he will be kept
 
 
 
3MP  
יִשָּׁמְרוּ
 
     they (m) will be kept
3FS  
תִּשָּׁמֵר
 
she will be kept 
  
3FP  
תִּשָּׁמַרְנָה
    they (f) will be kept
15 D. The morphology of the Niphal
Imperfect 
 
Note that the prefixes are added with a ḥîreq except for the 1CS
which utilizes a seghôl.
The nûn assimilate causing the initial consonant to double as is
expected.  The vowel under the second consonant is usually a
ṣerê dropping to a š
e
vā’ when a vocalic ending is added and a
pataḥ when the consonantal  
נָה
 
 is added in the 2FP and
3FP.
Example:
 
וּבְכֹל אֲשֶׁר־אָמַרְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶם תִּשָּׁמֵרוּ  
  
  (Exod 23:13)
 
 
And all that I have said to you keep yourself
15. Pē Yôd verbs:   
יָשַׁב
 
1CS  
אִוָּשֵׁב
 
   
I will be seated 
 
   1CP  
נִוָּשֵׁב
 
    we will be seated
2MS  
תִּוָּשֵׁב
 
 
 
you (ms)             
 
2MP 
תִּוָּשֵׁבוּ
 
    you (mp)
2FS  
תִּוָּשֵׁבִי
 
 
 
 
you (fs)                  2FP  
תִּוָּשַׁבְנָה
    you (fp)
3MS  
תִּוָּשֵׁב
  
he will be seated
 
3MP  
יִוָּשֵׁבוּ
 
     they (m)
3FS  
יִוָּשֵׁב
  
she will be seated 
  
3FP  
תִּוָּשַׁבְנָה
 
   they (f) will be
                                                                                     seated
Pē Nûn Verbs:
  
נָגַשׁ
 
1CS  
אֶנָּגֵשׁ
 
      
I will draw near
  
   1CP  
נִנָּגֵשׁ
 
we will draw near
2MS  
תִּנָּגֵשׁ
 
 
 
you (ms)                  
 
2MP 
תִּנָּגְשׁוּ
 
   you (mp)
2FS  
תִּנָּגֵשִׁי
 
 
 
 
you (fs)                   
 
2FP  
תִּנָּגַשְׁנָה
   you (fp)
3MS  
יִנָּגֵשׁ
  
he will draw near
 
 
 
3MP  
יִנָּגַשוּ
  
  they (m)
3FS  
תִּנָּגֵשׁ
  
she will draw near 
  
3FP  
תִּנָּגַשְׁנָה
    they (f) will
                                                                                      draw near
Pē Guttural:  
עָמַד
 
1CS  
אֵעָמֵד
 
  
I will be stood
  
   1CP  
נֵעָמֵד
 
    we will be stood
2MS  
תֵּעָמֵד
 
 
 
you (ms)             
 
2MP 
תֵּעָֽמְדוּ
 
   you (mp)
2FS  
תֵּעָֽמְדִי
 
 
 
 
you (fs)                 
 
2FP  
תֵּעָמַ֫דְנָה 
  you (fp)
3MS  
יֵעָמֵד
  
he will be stood
 
 
 
3MP 
יֵעָֽמְדוּ
   
  they (m)
3FS  
תֵּעָמֵד
  
she will be stood  
 
3FP  
תֵּעָמַ֫דְנָה
    they (f) will
                                                                                   be stood
Lāme
d
 
Verbs: 
 
בָּנָה
 
1CS  
אֶבָּנֶה
 
  
I will be built
 
      
  
1CP  
נִבָּנֶה
 
we will be built
2MS  
תִּבָּנֶה
 
 
you (ms)                  
 
2MP 
תִּבָּנוּ
 you (mp)
2FS  
תִּבָּנִי
 
 
 
 
you (fs)                
  
2FP  
תִּבָּנֶ֫ינָה
 you (fp)
3MS  
יִבָּנֶה
 
he will be built
 
      
 
3MP  
יִבָּנוּ
 
 they (mp)
3FS  
תִּבָּנֶה
  
she will be built
  
3FP  
תִּבָּנֶ֫ינָה
 they (f) will
                                                                                 be built
’Āle
f 
Hē Verbs
:  
מָצָא
 
1CS  
אֶמָּצֵא
 
  
I will be found
  
1CP  
נִמָּצֵא
 
we will be found
2MS  
תִּמָּצֵא
 
  
 
you (ms)            
 
2MP 
תִּמָּצְאוּ
  you (mp)
2FS  
תִּמָּצֵאִי
 
 
 
you (fs)              
 
2FP  
תִּמָּצֶ֫אנָהּ
  you (fp)
3MS  
יִמָּצֵא
 
he will be found
 
 3MP  
יִמָּצְאוּ
  they (m)
3FS  
תִּמָּצֵא
 
she will be found
 
  3FP  
תִּמָּצֶ֫אנָהּ
  they (f) will be
                                                                                   found
Imperatives, Infinitives and
Participles Strong verb
 
The Niphal Imperative is formed by adding a 
הִ 
and
assimilating the 
נ 
 resulting in the doubling of the initial
consonant of the verbal root just as in the imperfect.
הִשָּׁמֵר
 
 
 be kept [you ms]  = Niphal Infinitive Construct
הִשָּֽׁמְרִי
 
 
 be kept [you fs]
הִשָּֽׁמְרוּ
 
 
 be kept [you mp]
הִשָּׁמַ֫רְנָה
 
 
 be kept [you fp]
Niphal Infinitive Construct/Absolute
 
The infinitive absolute is formed either as 
נִשְׁמוֹר
or as 
הִשָּׁמוֹר
.
Infinitive construction:  
הִשָּׁמֵר
Niphal participle
 
The Niphal participle is formed by adding the 
נִ
prefix.
MS 
  
נִשְׁמַר
FS 
 
     
 
נִשְׁמֶרֶת
MP 
  
נִשְׁמַרִים
FP 
  
   
נִשְׁמָרוֹת
Imperative of Select Weak Verbs
 
בָּנָה
 
    
יָשַׁב
   
נָגַשׁ
  
    
 
שָׁלַח
הִבָּנֵה 
  
     
 
הִוָּשֵׁב 
  
הִנָגֵשׁ 
 
    
 
  
הִשָּׁלַח
הִבָּנִי
    
הִוָּשְׁבִי
  
הִנָּגְשִׁי
 
     
 
  
הִשָּׁלְחִי
הִבָּנוּ 
    
הִוָּשְׁבוּ
  
הִנָגְשׁוּ 
  
  
הִשָּׁלחוּ
הִבָּנֶינָה 
   
הִוָּשַׁבְנָה
  
הִנָּגַשְׁנָה 
  
  
הִשָּׁלַחְנָה
Weak Verb Infinitives
 
Inf. Constr.
הִבָּנוֹת 
   
הִוָּשֵׁב
  
הִנָּגֵשׁ
   
הִשָּׁלַח
Inf. Abs.
נִבְנֹה
    
הִוָּשֵׁב
  
הִנָּגֵשׁ 
  
נִשְׁלוֹחַ
הִבָּנֵה
          
הִשָּׁלֵחַ
Niphal Participles
 
נִבְנֶה
    
נוֹשָׁב
   
נִגָּשׁ
   
נִשְׁלָח
נִבְנִים 
   
נוֹשָׁבִים 
  
נִגָּשִׁים 
  
נִשְׁלָחִים
נִבְנָה 
   
נוֹשָׁבָה 
  
נִגָּשָׁה 
 
     
 
נִשְׁלָחָה
נִבְנוֹת 
   
נוֹשָׁבוֹת 
  
נִגָּשׁוֹת 
  
נִשְׁלָחוֹת
Niphal Chant:
 
1CS  
נִשְׁמַרְתִּי
  
 
I was guarded 
 
1CP  
נִשְׁמַרְנוּ
   we were guarded
2MS  
נִשְׁמַרְתָּ
  
 
you (ms)         
 
2MP  
נִשְׁמַרְתֶּם
  you (mp)
2FS  
נִשְׁמַרְתְּ
  
 
you (fs)       
 
    2FP  
נִשְׁמַרְתֶּן
   you (fp)
3MS  
נִשְׁמַר
  
 
he …        
  
    3CP  
נִשְׁמְרוּ
   they were guarded
3FS  
נִשְׁמְרָה
  
 
she was guarded
Niphal Imperfect Regular Verb:
 
 
 
1CS  
אֶשָּׁמֵר
 
   
I will be kept
  
1CP  
נִשָּׁמֵר
 
 
we will be kept
2MS  
תִּשָּׁמֵר
 
you (ms) 
 
 
 
         2MP  
תִּשָּׁמְּרוּ
 
 
you (mp)
2FS  
תִּשָּֽׁמְרִי
 
 you (fs)  
 
          
 
2FP  
תִּשָּׁמַרְנָה
 
 
you (fp)
3MS  
יִשָּׁמֵר
  
he …
 
               
 
3MP  
יִשָּׁמְרוּ
      they (mp)
3FS  
תִּשָּׁמֵר
 
she will be kept 
  
3FP  
תִּשָּׁמַרְנָה
    they (f) will be
                                                                                     kept
Niphal Imperatives, Infinitives, Ptc.
 
Imprv / Inf Const. 
  
Inf. Abs.  
   
Ptc. Masc.
 
Fem.
הִשָּׁמֵר
 
[=Inf. Const.]
 
נִשְׁמוֹר
 
 or 
הִשָּׁמוֹר
 
    
נִשְׁמַר
 
 
 
נִשְׁמֶרֶת
הִשָּֽׁמְרִי
 
 
 guard [you fs]
  
     
 
   
 
נִשְׁמַרִים
       
נִשְׁמָרוֹת
הִשָּֽׁמְרוּ
 
 
 guard [you mp]
הִשָּׁמַ֫רְנָה
 
 
 guard [you fp]
15.  Chapter 15 Vocabulary List
 
1
. 
אֹ֫הֶל
 
   
 
tent 
   
346
2
. 
אַהֲרוֹן
 
    
Aaron 
   
347
3
. 
תָּ֫וֶךְ
/
 בְּתוֹךְ 
  
midst, middle  
 
418
4
. 
יָרֵא
 
 
    
to fear
   
322
5. 
לִפְנֵי
 
 
 
   
before, front of
 
668
15.  Chapter 15 Vocabulary List
 
6. 
נָבִיא
 
   
prophet 
  
316
7. 
עֵץ
 
    
tree 
   
329
8. 
רָעָה
 
   
bad, evil, disaster 
 
354
9. 
שָׂדֶה
 
 
   
field  
   
328
10. 
שָׁבַע
 
   
to swear
  
186
 
Vocabulary Review
 
14F.  
Chapter 14 Vocabulary
 
1)
אַף
nose, anger, 2) also 
  
410
2) 
בַּיִן / בֵּין
between
      
407
3) 
נָא
please, now
     
406
4) 
מָקוֹם
place 
       
401
14F.  
Chapter 14 Vocabulary
 
5) 
זָהָב
gold 
        
389
6) 
אֵשׁ
fire 
        
376
7) 
נְאֻם
utterance, declaration
 
376
8) 
שַׁעַר
gate 
       
373
14F.  
Chapter 14 Vocabulary
 
9) 
נָגַד
to tell, report
     
370
10) 
דָּם
blood 
       
355
13. F.   Chapter 13 Hebrew Vocabulary
 
חֶ֫רֶב
sword
     
412
יָם
sea, lake
    
396
 
יָרַד
to go down 
   
380
כֶּ֫סֶף
silver 
     
402
13. F.   Chapter 13 Hebrew Vocabular
 
מִזְבֵּחַ
 
altar
      
401
עָנָה
to answer 
        
413
עַתָּה
 
now, then 
       
433
צָבָא
 
troops, military host 
    
485
13. F.   Chapter 13 Hebrew Vocabulary
 
רוּחַ
spirit, wind, breath
     
378
שַׂר
official, commander, prince 
 
421
12. D.  Chapter 12 Qal Infinitive Vocab
 
אָדוֹן / אֲדֹנָי
Lord, master
     
439
יָלַד
to give birth, beget 
  
495
מִי
who, how?
     
424
12. D.  Chapter 12 Qal Infinitive Vocab
 
מִשְׁפָּט
 
justice, judgment
   
421
נָכָה
 
to strike, hit 
     
500
פֶּה
 
mouth, opening 
    
497
עוֹד
  
again, still, yet 
     
490
 
12. D.  Chapter 12 Qal Infinitive Vocab
 
עוֹלָם
 
eternity, forever 
    
439
קֹ֫דֶשׁ
 
holy, set apart, sacred 
  
491
קוֹל
 
 
voice, sound 
     
505
 
11F. Chapter 11 Qal Imperative, Vocab
 
אַיִן / אֵין
 
 
no, nothing 
   
             847
אָכַל
 
  
    to eat 
    
                  816
גּוֹי
 
  
 
 
    people, nation
  
             552
הֲ
  
        if, whether, interrogative 
 
738
יְהוּדָה
 
 
   Judah 
    
                   819
11F. Chapter 11 Qal Imperative, Vocab
 
יְרוּשָׁלַ֫םִ
 
 
    Jerusalem 
   
             643
כֹּה
 
  
        thus, here, now
  
         576
נָשָׂא
 
  
   to carry, lift, raise 
 
         656
עָבַר
 
  
   to pass over, transgress
 
623
שִׂים
 
  
   to set, put, lay 
 
               584
10.G.   Chapter 10 Vocabulary List
 
lad, youth, attendant
   
נַ
ע
ַר
to build
בָּנָה
to miss, sin, offend
       
חָטָ
א
to die
מוּת
10.G.   Chapter 10 Vocabulary List
 
 
to find
מָצָא
to fall
נָפַל
to go up, ascend
עָלָה
to stand
עָמַד
10.G.   Chapter 10 Vocabulary List
 
to rise, arise, stand
קוּם
to send, stretch out, dismiss
שָׁלַח
9.G.   Chapter 9 Vocabulary List
 
to come in, enter, bring in
בּוֹא
to know
 
יָדַע
to go out
 
יָצָא
to sit, dwell
יָשַׁב
9.G.   Chapter 9 Vocabulary List
 
to take
לָקַח
to turn, return, repent
שׁוּב
to give
נָתַן
to do, make
עָשָׂה
9.G.   Chapter 9 Vocabulary List
 
to call, announce
קָרָא
to see, understand
רָאָה
8.I.   Chapter 8 Vocabulary List
 
after, behind
אַחֲרֵי
no, not, nothing
אַל
to bless, praise
בָּרַךְ
David
דָּוִד
8.I.   Chapter 8 Vocabulary List
 
also, even, moreover
גָּם
what? how?
מָה
to rule, be king
מָלַךְ
to visit, number, appoint
פָּקַד
 
8.I.   Chapter 8 Vocabulary List
 
under, below
תַּחַת
Moses
מֹשֶׁה
7. I.  Chapter 7 Vocabulary List
 
Moses
מֹשֶׁה
good
טוֹב
great
 
גָּדוֹל
7. I.  Chapter 7 Vocabulary List
 
much, many, great
רַב
 
very (adv.), might (N.)
מְאֹד
7. I.  Chapter 7 Vocabulary List
 
this (m.s. / f.s.)
זֹאת / זֶה
face, front
 
פָּנִים
year
 
שָׁנָה
 
heart, mind
 
לֵבָב / לֵב
7. I.  Chapter 7 Vocabulary List
 
 
there, thither
שָׁם
 
thus, so
 
כֵּן
6.L.   Chapter 6 Vocabulary List 
 
spring, eye
 
עַ֫יִן
servant, slave
 
 
עֶ֫בֶד
Priest
כֹּהֵן
Egypt
מִצְרַ֫יִם
6.L.   Chapter 6 Vocabulary List
 
Brother
אָח
who, which, because
 
אֲשֶׂר
Head
  
רֹאשׁ
Daughter
 
 
בַּת
6.L.   Chapter 6 Vocabulary List
 
Water
 
מַ֫יִם
man, mankind, Adam
אָדָם
5.G.  Chapter 5 Vocabulary List
 
to, into, towards
 
אֶל
in, at, with, among, from
 
בְּ
like, as
כְּ
 
because, that, for, when
 
כִּי
5.G.  Chapter 5 Vocabulary List
 
for, to, until, towards
לְ
 
from, out of, because, since
 
מִן
 
until, while, toward
עַד
town, city
 
 
עִיר
 
5.G.  Chapter 5 Vocabulary List
 
on, upon, above, over
 
עַל
with
עִם
Chapter 4 Vocabulary List
 
son, descendant
 
בֵּן
 
all, each, every
 
כֹּל
 
way, road
 
דֶּ֫רֶךְ
 
hand, forearm
יָד
Chapter 4 Vocabulary List
 
 
name
 
שֵׁם
 
behold! lo!
 
הִנֵּה
 
soul, life
 
 
נֶ֫פֶשׁ
 
heavens, sky
 
שָׁמִַ֫יִם
Chapter 4 Vocabulary List
 
to hear, listen, obey
 
שָׁמַע
 
law, instruction
 
תּוֹרָה
Chapter 3 Vocabulary
 
 
father, ancestor
 
אָב
 
 God, god
 
אֱלֹהִים
 
 to say
 
אָמַר
 
 house, palace, dynasty
 
בַּ֫יִת
Chapter 3 Vocabulary
 
 
to be, become, happen
 
הָיָה
 
to remember, mention
 
זָכַר
 
to write
 
 
כָּתַב
 
people
 
עַם
Chapter 3 Vocabulary
 
 
to slay, kill
קָטַל
 
to keep, watch over, guard
 
שָׁמַר
Chapter 2 Vocabulary
 
 
 land, earth, ground
 
אֶ֫רֶץ
 
 man, human
 
 
אִישׁ
 
 woman, wife
 
אִשָּׁה
 
word, matter, thing
 
דָּבָר
Chapter 2 Vocabulary
 
 to go, walk
 
 
הָלַךְ
 
Yahweh, Jehovah, LORD
 
יְהוָה
 
day, daylight, time
 
יוֺם
 
Israel
 
יִשְׂרָאֵל
Chapter 2 Vocabulary
 
 
no, not
 
לֹא
 
king, ruler, prince
 
מֶ֫לֶךְ
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Explore a collection of chants and songs promoting unity, harmony, and peace. The content includes Niphal Verb Stem, a Shema lullaby, Alphabet Song, Vanquishing the Vowel, Qal Perfect Chant, Noun Chant, and more. These chants emphasize the importance of togetherness and understanding in various linguistic and musical forms.

  • Unity
  • Harmony
  • Chants
  • Peace
  • Learning

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  1. Chapter 15: Niphal Verb Stem

  2. as one brothers dwell How good and pleasant it is when brothers live together in unity! and how pleasant how good behold (repeat) Chorus: How good when brothers live together in unity! How good when brothers live together in unity!

  3. 4.L. Sing: Shema lullaby (Deut. 6:4) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pIOpZ9fQLbU&t=0s&list=PLnNXzYjQerJia_ 8yTy8OrM2K-BiN5OEup&index=2 or search Youtube for: Shema Lullaby Judy Ginsburgh Shabbat Shalom Medley https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- MBgACM_LcE&list=RDEMSL0J_ngrs5U8EoQWZITH5w&index=9

  4. 5.I. Oseh Shalom He who makes peace in his high places may he let peace descent on us and on all Israel and say, say: Amen.

  5. 5.I. Oseh Shalom May he make peace, may he make peace Peace for us and for all Israel

  6. Alphabet Song

  7. Vanquishing the Vowel Long ( ) BAh -- Q me ( ) Bay er (Y d) Bee -- req Y d ( ) Bow lem (V v) Booh req (rule) Short bAh -- Pata ( ) Beh Segh l (Y d) Bi(t)-- req Bow-- Q me at f Booh-- Qibb Beh vocal ev Half Bah -- at f-pata Beh at f-Segh l Vowel Type A - type E - type I - Type O - Type Bow-- at f Q me U - Type - ( ) Bah-v silent ev

  8. Qal Perfect Chant 1 CP we guarded 1CS I guarded 2 MP you (m.) guarded 2 MS you (m.) guarded 2 FS 2 FP you (f.) guarded you (f.) guarded 3 MS 3 CP they guarded he guarded 3 FS she guarded

  9. Noun Chant Masculine Feminine Dual:

  10. Chant Personal Pronouns 1stcommon I we 2ndmasc. you (m.) you /ye / you all (m.) 2ndfem. you (f.) you / ye / you all (f.) 3rdmasc. he / it they (m.) 3rdfem. she / it they (f.)

  11. Chant: Preposition with Pronominal Suffixes 1 CS in me 1 CP in us 2 MS in you (m.) 2 MP in you (m.) 2 FS in you (f.) 2 FP in you (f.) 3 MS in him 3 MP in them (m.) 3 FS in her 3 FP in them (f.)

  12. Demonstrative Pronouns: this and that This / these that / those who, which / /

  13. Qal Imperfect Chant 1CS 1CP 2MP 3MP 2MS 2FS 2FP 3MS 3FS 3FP

  14. 9. F. Chant: Qal Perfect Weak Verb Ayin-Y d/V v L med-H to rise to build to give (3fs) 1CS 2MP 3CP

  15. 10.B. Chant: . P position--weak guttural Regular P -N n, P -Y d, P - lef P -Guttural 2MS/3FS

  16. 10.C. Chant II. Ayin position weak guttural: Regular Ayin-Y d/V v Ayin guttural Double Ayin 2MS/3FS

  17. 10.D. Chant: III. Lmed position: Regular L med-H L med-guttural L med- lef 2MS/3FS

  18. 11. D. Learn the following chant for : Imperative chant 2ms [you, m.s.] guard 2mp [you m.p.] guard 2fs [you, f.s.] guard [you f.p.] guard 2fp

  19. 12. A. Introduction to Infinitives Inf. Construct: (note it is the same as the 2ms Imperative) Inf. Absolute:

  20. 13. C. Participle chant: Qal Active Participle Singular Plural Masculine Feminine /

  21. 13. C. Participle chant: Qal Passive Participle Singular Plural Masculine Feminine

  22. 15 A. Introduction We have focused on the Qal stem as it dominates covering almost 70% of the verbs in the Tanak. We have learned the perfect, imperfect, imperative, infintives, and participle forms of the qal stem. We ve also examined the modifications that happen with the weak verbs. The next series of chapters will now begin to master the other binyanim or verb stems.

  23. 15 A. Introduction While the name of the Qal stem is built off of the word which means light or simple, the others will be built off the verb (to do, make). Hence they are called the Niphal ( ). It is sometimes written Nif al. Note that is the root to which the prefix is added and the vowels shifted from the simple Qal form .

  24. Verbal system has seven constructions/ patterns Verbal system has seven constructions/patterns or binyanim [ ] The verbal system may be described as seven variations or stems built off the basic root ( = root) and pictured as:

  25. The Seven binyanim []) 7 Verb Patterns (called binyanim [ ]) Simple Intensive Causative Active Qal ( ) Piel Hiphil ) ( ) ( Passive Niphal ( ) Pual ( ) Hithpael ( ) Hophal ( ) Reflexive

  26. Seven verb patterns (the verb (to make) is used to identify the patterns Qal ( : simple/light, from it was light) P al he made 49,942x Niphal Nip al he was made (passive) 4161x Piel P l he made (intensive) 6491x Hiphil -- Hip l he caused to make (causative) 9386x

  27. Seven verb patterns Hithpael Hitpa l he made himself (intensive reflexive) 842x Pual P al he was made (intensive passive) 417x Hophal -- Hophal ( ) -- he was caused to make (causative passive) 392x

  28. 15 B. The usage of the Niphal It is basically the passive of the Qal. An active verb is one where the subject does the action of the verb (e.g. Terry hit the ball). A passive verb is one where the subject receives the action of the verb (e.g. Terry was hit by the ball). Usually the passive form in English is achieved by inserting some form of the is verb, in the case above was shifts the hit to the passive where Terry receives the action of the verb even though he is the subject. So is he found and is he was found or is he hears and is he was heard.

  29. 15 B. The usage of the Niphal Quite often the passive in Hebrew will not express the agent (e.g. the ball) although in Hebrew the agent is often may be indicated by a prepositional or or Some verbs ( to hide; ) the Niphal can be used for a reflexive ( he hid himself ; he kept himself). Some verbs have no Qal in which case the Niphal form is used for the active meaning similar to if it had been a Qal ( he fought; he swore)

  30. 15 C. The morphology of the Niphal Perfect The Perfect of the Niphal for the regular verb is: just remember 3ms = 1CS 1CP we were guarded 2MP you (mp) I was guarded 2MS you (m) 2FS you (f) 2FP you (fp) he was guarded 3CP they were guarded 3MS 3FS she was guarded

  31. 15 C. The morphology of the Niphal Perfect The pronominal endings are added normally with the vocalic endings ( and ) causing the vowel under the second consonant to drop to a ev as they did in the Qal otherwise the simple ev is used to tack on the normal perfect suffixes ( , , , , , ). The on the front clearly will identify the form as a Niphal perfect verb.

  32. Examples: and by a prophet he was guarded his faithful ones forever will be guarded (Hos 12:14) (Psa 37:28)

  33. 15. D. Weak Verb Perfect Niphals P Y d verbs: For the P Y d verbs one must remember that they originally were built from an initial v v where the y d now sits. Instead of the Niphal starting with a a will be tacked on the front. Other than that it is pretty straight forward. Here is the Niphal of (to sit, dwell) becomes .

  34. P Yd verbs: 1CS 1CP we were seated 2MP you (mp) 2FP you (fp) 3CP they were seated I was seated 2MS you (ms) 2FS you (fs) 3MS he was seated 3FS she was seated

  35. Example: I will make you a desert, they will be uninhabited cities (Jer 22:6)

  36. P Nn Verbs: When you add the onto the front of a P N n verb the n n of the root assimilates into the second consonant of the verb doubling that second consonant with a doubling dagesh forte.

  37. P Nn Verbs: 1CS I drew near 1CP we drew near 2MP you (mp) 2FP you (fp) 3CP they drew near 2MS you (ms) 2FS you (fs) 3MS he drew near 3FS she drew near

  38. Example of for all of them will be given over to death unto the earth below (Eze 31:14)

  39. P Guttural: The prefix shift to is the easy distinguishing mark of all of these. The ev under the initial guttural shifts to a at f-segh l ( ). When the vocalic sufformatives are added the at f- segh l under the guttural becomes a segh l.

  40. P Guttural: 1CS I was stood 1CP we were stood 2MP you (mp) 2FP you (fp) 3CP they were stood 2MS you (ms) 2FS you (fs) 3MS he was stood 3FS she was stood

  41. Lmed H Verbs: When you add the onto the front of a L med H verb it is normal. It is the final H where the action takes place. When the consonantal endings are added the H shifts to and totally drops out when the vocalic 3cp sufformative is added and a media is added for the 3fs.

  42. Lmed H Verbs: 1CS 1CP we were built 2MP you (mp) 2FP you (fp) 3CP they were built I was built 2MS you (ms) 2FS you (fs) 3MS he was built 3FS she was built

  43. lef H Verbs: 1CS 1CP we were found 2MP you (mp) I was found 2MS you (ms) 2FS you (fs) 2FP you (fp) 3CP 3MS he was found they were found 3FS she was found

  44. 15 D. The morphology of the Niphal Imperfect 1CS 1CP 2MP you (mp) 2FP you (fp) 3MP 3FP I will be kept we will be kept 2MS you (ms) 2FS you (fs) 3MS he will be kept they (m) will be kept 3FS she will be kept they (f) will be kept

  45. 15 D. The morphology of the Niphal Imperfect Note that the prefixes are added with a req except for the 1CS which utilizes a segh l. The n n assimilate causing the initial consonant to double as is expected. The vowel under the second consonant is usually a er dropping to a ev when a vocalic ending is added and a pata when the consonantal is added in the 2FP and 3FP.

  46. Example: And all that I have said to you keep yourself (Exod 23:13)

  47. 15. P Yd verbs: 1CS 1CP 2MP I will be seated we will be seated 2MS you (ms) you (mp) 2FS you (fs) 2FP he will be seated 3MP you (fp) 3MS they (m) 3FS 3FP they (f) will be she will be seated seated

  48. P Nn Verbs: 1CS 1CP we will draw near 2MP you (mp) 2FP you (fp) 3MP they (m) 3FP I will draw near 2MS you (ms) 2FS you (fs) 3MS he will draw near 3FS she will draw near they (f) will draw near

  49. P Guttural: 1CS 1CP 2MP you (mp) I will be stood we will be stood 2MS you (ms) 2FS you (fs) 2FP you (fp) 3MS 3MP they (m) he will be stood 3FS she will be stood 3FP they (f) will be stood

  50. Lmed H Verbs: 1CS 1CP we will be built 2MP you (mp) 2FP you (fp) 3MP they (mp) 3FP they (f) will I will be built 2MS you (ms) 2FS you (fs) 3MS he will be built 3FS she will be built be built

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