Understanding the Comparison of Adjectives and Their Forms
Learn how to form comparatives and superlatives of short and long adjectives, including one-syllable, two-syllable, and irregular adjectives. Discover the rules for adding endings like -er, -est, more, and most, along with examples and comparison structures using "than". Master the correct spelling of adjectives to express comparisons accurately.
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COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES We form the comparative and superlative of short adjectives (e.g. low) and long adjectives (e.g. expensive) in different ways. COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE Short word: low: Long word: expensive: more expensive lower (the) lowest (the) most expensive
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES Short adjectives One-syllable adjectives (e.g. small, nice) usually have the (e)r, (e)st ending. Your hi-fi is smaller. Emma needs a bigger computer. This is the nicest colour. Long adjectives We also use more, most with three-syllable adjectives (e.g. ex-cit-ing) and with longer ones. The film was more exciting than the book. We did the most interesting project. This machine is the most reliable.
TWO-SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES Some two-syllable adjectives have er, est, and some have more, most: a) Words ending in y usually add er, est: happy happier happiest. (busy, dirty, easy, funny, happy, lovely, lucky, pretty, tidy...) b) Words ending in er, le, ly add er, est: clever cleverer cleverest early earlier earliest but eager, proper.... noble nobler noblest silly sillier - silliest The following words have more, most: a) Words ending in ful or less, e.g. careful, helpful; careless, hopeless b) Words ending in ing or ed, e.g. boring, willing; damaged, c) Words ending in ard, al, ous, some, ent...e.g. awkward, crucial, gorgeous, loathsome, spacious.. surprised, freezing...
TWO-SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES Some words have er, est or more, most: narrower - narrowest narrow { more narrow - most narrow Examples are: tired... clever, common, cruel, gentle, narrow, pleasant, polite, quiet, simple, stupid,
The comparative and than We often use a phrase with than after a comparative. This restaurant is nicer than the Pizza House. I had a bigger meal than you. The steak is more expensive than the fish. than me/than I am Compare than me and than I am. Both are correct, and they have the same meaning. You're twenty years older than me. You're twenty years older than I am. Harriet's husband isn't as tall as her. Her husband isn't as tall as she is. The superlative We normally use the before a superlative. The quickest way is along this path. The last question is the most difficult. Note the pattern with one of: Michael Jackson is one of the most famous pop singers ever.
Spelling of the adjectives using the endings er/est positive large big sad comparative superlative larger bigger sadder leave out the silent e largest biggest saddest Double the consonant after short vowel Change y to i (consonant before y) y is not changed to i. (although consonant before -y) dirty dirtier dirtiest shy shyer shyest
IRREGULAR COMPARISON positive good bad / ill little (amout) little (size) much / many far (place + time) far (place) late (time) late (order) comparative better worse less smaller more further farther later latter superlative best worst least smallest most furthest farthest latest last old (people and things) older oldest old (people) elder eldest
EXCEPTIONS Short adjectives One-syllable adjectives (e.g. small, nice) usually have the (e)r, (e)st ending. Your hi-fi is smaller. Emma needs a bigger computer. This is the nicest colour. but: a) I am getting more and more tired. b) I feel more dead than I did yesterday. a) With adjectives that are also past participles, e.g. forced, lost, torn, burnt, drunk, tired,... b) With adjectives that are not gradeable, e.g. true, dead, male, royal, perfect...
EXCEPTIONS * Comparison between two persons, items, etc: He is the younger (of the two brothers) * the + comparative.... the + comparative (double the + comparative) the bigger the better The more I swimm, the more energetic I feel. * Doubly marked forms He is the bestest friend i have ever had. This way, it's more easier to see.
Comparison of equality as... as We use as ... as to say that things are equal or unequal. Our house is as big as yours. NOT It is so big as yours. In a negative sentence we can also use so ...as, but this is less common than as ... as. This flat isn't as big as/so big as our old one.
