Understanding the Calvin Cycle in Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle is a crucial part of photosynthesis where sugar is synthesized from smaller molecules using ATP and NADPH. It involves three phases: Carbon fixation, Reduction, and Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor. Steps include Carbon Fixation, Reduction, and Regeneration of RuBP. The cycle ultimately produces glucose and other important compounds essential for plant growth.

• Photosynthesis
• Calvin Cycle
• Carbon fixation
• Plant biology

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1. Photosynthesis Part 4 Pages 116 to 117

2. The Calvin Cycle The cycle builds sugar from smaller molecules by using ATP and the reducing power of electrons carried by NADPH The Calvin cycle has three phases: Carbon fixation (catalyzed by rubisco) Reduction Regeneration of the CO2acceptor (RuBP)

3. The Calvin Cycle

4. Step 1: Carbon Fixation Joining carbon from the atmosphere into an organic compound Rubisco combines 3 CO2 with 3 RuBP (a 5 carbon sugar) forming 3 unstable 6 C molecules 3 Unstable 6 C split into 6 - 3 C molecules of PGA

5. Step 2: Reduction Use energy from ATP and NADPH to reduce 6 PGA (6 3C) into 6 G3P (6 3C) 1 3C G3P leaves the cycle (eventually is can join with another 3C G3P to form 6C Glucose 5 3C G3P stay in the cycle

6. Step 3: Regeneration of RuBP Use ATP to convert 5 3C molecules back into 3 5C molecules

7. Calvin Cycle What are the products? G3P, ADP + Pi, and NADP+ How much CO2must be fixed to form glucose? 6 CO2 What is oxidized? NADPH to NADP+ What is reduced? CO2to G3P eventually Glucose

8. Photosynthesis Review

9. Review: 6CO2+ 6H2O Light C6H12O6+ 6O2 Where are the reactants used? CO2 Calvin Cycle H2O Light Reactions Light Light Reactions Where are the products produced? O2 Light Reactions C6H12O6 Calvin Cycle