Understanding Protein Digestion in the Human Body
Learn about the process of protein digestion in humans, starting from the production of proteolytic enzymes in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine, to the breakdown of proteins into amino acids and oligopeptides. Discover how amino acids are used for protein synthesis and various metabolic processes, including deamination and the detoxification of ammonia. Explore the fascinating journey of protein metabolism and its role in sustaining cellular functions and energy production.
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Presentation Transcript
Digestion of proteins (introduction) Proteolytic enzymes responsible for degrading proteins are produced by three different organs: the stomach, the pancreas, and the small intestine. The digestion of proteins begins in the stomach, which secretes gastric juice a unique solution containing hydrochloric acid and the proenzyme, pepsinogen.
- Pepsinogen is activated to pepsin, either by HCl, or autocatalytically by other pepsin molecules that have already been activated. On entering the small intestine, large polypeptides produced in the stomach by the action of pepsin are further cleaved to oligopeptides and amino acids by a group of pancreatic proteases. Oligopeptides digested by enzymes of the small intestine
Amino acid metabolism: After absorption of amino acids, these amino acids used: for protein synthesis and as N and C donors for the synthesis of other types of macromolecule e.g the nucleic acids as well as numerous small molecular compounds. - Deamination (i.e., removal of the amino group): amino acid NH3 -oxo acid
- After deamination, The carbon skeleton may be used for: the formation of glucose or it may be oxidized to CO2 and water with the production of metabolic energy. The ammonia produced by amino acid degradation is detoxified by conversion to urea in the liver.(urea cycle)
