Understanding Organic Compounds, Carbohydrates, and Elements
Explore the chemical composition of organic compounds, the role of complex carbohydrates in providing energy to the body, and the significance of elements as the fundamental building blocks of all matter. Discover how enzymes in saliva break down carbohydrates, the importance of complex carbohydrates for bodily functions, and the basic characteristics of elements that make up the world around us.
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Organic Compounds Organic Compounds
A cracker is made of flour, baking soda and water. The flour contains a lot of carbohydrates (starches) but no sugar, so the cracker is not sweet. The cracker is an example of a complex carbohydrate. Complex carbohydrates give the body long lasting energy.
There are enzymes process of breaking down the starch (carbohydrates) in the cracker into sugars. This chemical change should make the cracker taste chemical change should make the cracker taste sweet over time sweet over time. Problem: How does chewing a cracker and mixing it with saliva in your mouth affect the taste over time? enzymes in your saliva that begin the This
Conclusion: Conclusion: 1. 1. How does saliva chemically change the cracker? How does saliva chemically change the cracker? ________ in the saliva break down the carbohydrates into ________. ________ in the saliva break down the carbohydrates into ________. 2. Why are complex carbohydrates important to the body ? 2. Why are complex carbohydrates important to the body ? Complex carbohydrates are important to the body because Complex carbohydrates are important to the body because ____________. ____________. 3. The chemical breakdown of carbohydrates begins in the 3. The chemical breakdown of carbohydrates begins in the __________when food is mixed with __________. __________when food is mixed with __________.
When carbohydrates When carbohydrates break down, they break down, they turn into SUGAR!!!! turn into SUGAR!!!!
ELEMENTS ELEMENTS Think about the words on this slide. There are quite a few different words each with its own meaning. The English language has thousands of words, but they have one thing in common. They are all made from different combinations of the same 26 letters. In the same way, all the matter around you is made of about 100 different substances, called elements. *All matter is made of elements. *All matter is made of elements.
An An element element is a substance that cannot be broken down into any is a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means. other substances by chemical or physical means. In most cases, an element is represented by a one or two letter In most cases, an element is represented by a one or two letter symbol. symbol. Ex. Ex. O (oxygen) O (oxygen)
All living things are made of organic compounds. If you can eat and digest something, it was once living and considered to be organic. In order to understand what an organic compound is, we must recognize the elements that make up an organic compound. On the next slide, you will find common organic compounds which include carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.
What are common factors in each compound you think would identify these compounds as being organic?
CHONPS CHONPS Foods are made of the same materials as plants and Foods are made of the same materials as plants and animals from which they come. animals from which they come. Foods are made of ORGANIC COMPONDS: Foods are made of ORGANIC COMPONDS: CARBON CARBON HYDROGEN HYDROGEN OXYGEN OXYGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS SULFUR SULFUR
COMPOUNDS COMPOUNDS If you put two or more letters of the alphabet together in a If you put two or more letters of the alphabet together in a meaningful way, you make a word. meaningful way, you make a word. Similarly, elements may be combines to make compounds. Similarly, elements may be combines to make compounds. Compounds Compounds are substances made of 2 or more different are substances made of 2 or more different elements or compounds chemically combined. elements or compounds chemically combined. A A formula formula shows the ratio of elements in the compound. shows the ratio of elements in the compound. Ex. H Ex. H2 2O O *2 Hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom *2 Hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
Identifying Elements and Number of Atoms in Organic Compounds Name and Formula Name and Formula Identify Identify the the Elements Elements Organic or Organic or Not? Not? Amino Acid (Protein) C2H4O2N Methane CH4 Glucose (Sugar) C6H12O6 Saturated Fat (Lipid) C10H20O2 Salt NaCl
