Understanding Human Migration and Refugee Terminology
Explore the essential concepts and terminology related to human migration, refugees, and legal frameworks. Delve into figures defining stateless persons, internally displaced persons, refugees, and asylum seekers. Gain insights into terms like resettlement, Schengen Agreement, unaccompanied minors, deportations, and more within Module 1, Topic 2 of the learning materials by ReCULM.
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ReCULM Learning Materials Intelectual Output O2-A1 Module 1, Topic 2 CEMyRI (University of Almer a) January, 2018 1
Project acronym: Project name: ReCULM A VET course for Cultural Mediators to address the refugee crisis' skills needs 2016-1-EL01-KA202-023714 Project code: Document History Versions Version 1.0 Final draft Date 15/01/2018 15/05/2018 Changes Initial document Initial document Type of change - Delivered by UAL UAL Document Information Document ID name: Document title: Output Type: Date of Delivery: Activity Type: Activity Leader: Dissemination level: O2-A2_LearningMaterials_Module1_Topic2_EN Module 1, Topic 2 Intellectual Output O2-A1 15/01/2018 Learning Materials UAL Open Disclaimer The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. This document is proprietary of the ReCULM Consortium. Project material developed in the context of Project Management & Implementation activities is not allowed to be copied or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written agreement of the ReCULM consortium. 2
MODULE 1 Topic 2 Concepts and terminology
CONTENT I. Figures II. Terms Resettlement Schengen Agreement Stateless person Internally displaced person Foreigner Unaccompanied minor Refugee Asylum seeker Readmission Agreement Relocation Family reunification Refugees Camp Deportation Repatriation Extradition Sanction Third-country LGTTBI Non-refoulement Human trafficking Human Smuggling Temporary Protection MODULE 1. The basics about human migration, refugees and legal framework. Topic 2: Concepts and terminology
FIGURES STATELESS PERSON A person who is not considered a national by any state under the operation of its law. Dispossessed of any rights that nationality provides. INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSON A person that flee their home and migrate inside their own country. UNACCOMPANIED MINOR A person reached the legal age and that travels accompaniment of a parent, tutor or any adult responsible for them. FOREIGNER A person that does not belong to a certain state. that has not without the REFUGEE A person who owing to a well founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership of a particular social group, is outside the country of nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country . ASYLUM SEEKER A person that apply for the admission in a country as a refugee and that awaits the decision to be granted such status. MODULE 1. The basics about human migration, refugees and legal framework. Topic 2: Concepts and terminology 5
TERMS SCHENGEN AGREEMENT (1985) Intergovernmental agreement by which a common space of free circulation in Europe is created, without controls at their common borders and at the land, sea and air border posts of the signatory Member States. In order to keep internal safety, a number of measures have been established such as coordination of visa controls and external borders controls. It was concluded outside the context of the European Union (EU) but adopted by it on the Amsterdam Treaty in 1997. At the moment, Schengen states are the following (coloured in dark blue): Spain, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Slovenia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Sweden and Switzerland. Malta, Norway, MODULE 1. The basics about human migration, refugees and legal framework. Topic 2: Concepts and terminology 6
TERMS READMISSION AGREEMENT Agreement by which a state accepts the return of a person (national, foreign or stateless person) who do not, or no longer, fulfil the conditions of entry to another state. REFUGEES CAMP Organised settlements of people that have fled their country, region or place of origin by reasons of armed conflict, economic interests in their origin territories, general violence or discrimination against a sector of the population. Its aim is to be a safety space during a limited period of time. DEPORTATION territory to a certain place after refusal of admission or termination of their permit to stay in that state. The act of a state in the exercise of its sovereignty in relocating an alien from its EXTRADITION The formal surrender, generally based on treaty or other reciprocal arrangements, by one State to another of an individual accused or convicted of an offence outside its territory and within the jurisdiction of the other, for the purpose of trial and punishment. MODULE 1. The basics about human migration, refugees and legal framework. Topic 2: Concepts and terminology 7
TERMS LGTTBI Referring to the group of individuals with sexual preferences or gender identities different from what is considered normative including lesbians, gays, transgender, transexuals, bisexuals and intersexuals. NON-REFOULEMENT Prohibition to States by the International Law from returning or expelling refugees in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened or where they can suffer tortures, inhuman or degrading treatments and serious abuse of their fundamental rights. TEMPORARY PROTECTION A procedure of exceptional character to provide, in the event of a mass influx or imminent mass influx of third-country nationals who are unable to return to their country of origin, immediate and temporary protection to such people, in particular if there is also a risk that the asylum system will be unable to process this influx without adverse effects for its efficient operation. RESETTLEMENT The relocation and integration of people (refugees, internally displaced persons, etc.) into another geographical area and environment, usually in a third country. MODULE 1. The basics about human migration, refugees and legal framework. Topic 2: Concepts and terminology 8
TERMS RELOCATION The transfer of asylum seekers between Member States. Defined in article 78, section 3,in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European union establishing that In the event of one or more Member States being confronted by an emergency situation characterised by a sudden inflow of nationals of third countries, the Council, on a proposal from the Commission, may adopt provisional measures for the benefit of the Member State(s) concerned. It shall act after consulting the European Parliament. FAMILY REUNIFICATION Process whereby family members already separated through forced or voluntary migration regroup in a country other than the one of their origin. It implies certain degree of State discretion over admission. REPATRIATION nationality under specific conditions. The personal right of a refugee or a prisoner of war to return to their country of MODULE 1. The basics about human migration, refugees and legal framework. Topic 2: Concepts and terminology 9
TERMS SANCTION A threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule. EXPULSION DEVOLUTION An act by an authority of the state with the intention and with the effect of securing the removal of a person (non- nationals or stateless persons) against his or her will from the territory of that state. Measure that can be adopted when a foreigner is illegally trying to enter a state or when, being already expelled of a country, is detained in the said country. COMPULSORY RETURN Obligatory return that follows every administrative resolution when asylum applications, extension of stay, residence permits or renewal of these permits are rejected. They are given a certain time period to voluntarily leave the country. RETURN Situation in which the foreigner returns to the country of origin when he/she does not fulfil the entry requirements. MODULE 1. The basics about human migration, refugees and legal framework. Topic 2: Concepts and terminology 10
TERMS THIRD-COUNTRY A country that is not a member of the European Union. SMUGGLING Facilitating the illegal entry of a person in a State of which the person is not a national and do not reside, with the aim of obtaining, in a direct or indirect way, a financial benefit or other material benefit. MODULE 1. The basics about human migration, refugees and legal framework. Topic 2: Concepts and terminology 11
TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS It consists in benefiting in an abusive way from the qualities of another person. To carry out exploitation, traffickers must use recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons. The means to carried out these actions are threats or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability. Besides, it is also considered the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. 12
Bibliography and references References Official Journal of the European Union. (2007). Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on Community statistics on migration and international protection and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 311/76 on the compilation of statistics on foreign workers. Retrieved from: http://eur- lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32007R0862&from=ES Bibliography European Migration Network [EMN]. (2014). Asylum and Migration Glossary 3.0. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we- do/networks/european_migration_network/docs/emn-glossary-en-version.pdf International Organization for Migration [IOM]. (2011). Glossary on Migration, n 25. Retrieved from: https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/iml25_1.pdf Sanction. In Oxford Dictionaries.(2018). Retrieved from: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sanction United Nations Public Administration Network [UNPAN]. (2008-2010). UN Public Administration Glossary. Retrieved from: http://www.unpan.org/Directories/Glossary/tabid/1398/language/en-US/Default.aspx MODULE 1. The basics about human migration, refugees and legal framework. Topic 2: Concepts and terminology
