Trust in institutions: A macro perspective

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This collection of images explores the concept of trust in institutions from a macro perspective, focusing on mechanisms of market regulation, satisfaction with democracy, trust in government, and trust in charitable organizations. The images provide insights into the dynamics of trust and governance in society.

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Trust in institutions: A macro perspective Ren Bekkers r.bekkers@vu.nl @renebekkers Center for Philanthropic Studies VU University Amsterdam renebekkers.wordpress.com

Mechanisms of Market Regulation Permits for those meeting a set of standards CONTROL --------------- TRUST Policing and punishment of rule breakers Perks for good citizens Praising the good kids Preaching good behavior Promise elicitation 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 2

Increasing satisfaction with democracy Satisfaction with democracy Trust in government Source: StukRoodVlees.nl 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 3

But decreasing trust in government Satisfaction with democracy Trust in government Source: StukRoodVlees.nl 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 4

Government vs other institutions Source: SCP, Continu Onderzoek Burgerperspectieven (COB) 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 5

Two continents of trust in Europe % trusting national government Sources: Eurobarometer, European Social Survey, European Values Survey. Public Opinion Barometer, http://www.pop.pt/en/about 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 6

The Economics of Political Trust 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 7

Who we trust in Europe Data source: Eurobarometer 62, 2004 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 8

Trust in charitable organizations Data source: Eurobarometer 62, 2004 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 9

Civil society vs government Data source: World Values Survey, 2012 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 10

Decentralization is not a panacea Fiscal decentralization may increase trust (Ligthart & Van Oudheusden, 2015) But only when service levels are maintained, i.e. government spending does not decline too much (Diaz-Serrano & Rodr guez-Pose, 2015) In Asia, trust in national institutions decreases with decentralization (Tang & Huhe, forthcoming). 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 11

Also, participants may be more trusting 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 12

but volunteering does not breed trust 3.5 3.4 3.3 never quit 3.2 joined sustained 3.1 3 2.9 2002 2004 2006 Bekkers, R. (2012). Trust and Volunteering: Selection or Causation? Evidence From a 4 Year Panel Study . Political Behaviour, 32 (2): 225-247. DOI 10.1007/s11109-011-9165-x. (open access) 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 13

Take home messages Political trust is volatile and depends on much more than politics. We trust civil society organizations more than national government. Trust in institutions relies on generalized social trust. Do not expect miracles. 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 14

Local vs national http://stukroodvlees.nl/lokale-nationale-of-supranationale-overheden-wie-vertrouwt-het-publiek-het-meest/ 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 15

http://stukroodvlees.nl/lokale-nationale-of-supranationale-overheden-wie-vertrouwt-het-publiek-het-meest/ 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 16

References Dinesen, P.T. & Bekkers, R. (2016). The Foundations of Individuals Generalized Social Trust: A Review . In: Van Lange, P.A.M., Rockenbach, B., & Yamagishi, T. (Eds.). Trust in Social Dilemmas. Series in Human Cooperation, Volume 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://renebekkers.files.wordpress.com/2016/03/dinesen_bekkers_15_final.pdf Bekkers, R., Mersiyanova, I., Smith, D.H., Abu-Rumman, S., Layton, M., & Roka, K. (2016). Public perceptions of and trust in associations and volunteers . Chapter 49 in: Smith, D.H., Stebbins, R.A. & Grotz, J. (Eds.). Palgrave Research Handbook on Volunteering and Nonprofit Associations. https://renebekkers.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/49_perceptions.pdf Bekkers, R. & Verkaik, D. (2014). Empirical analyses of citizen perceptions of the third sector in Europe . Deliverable 2.3 of the project: Impact of the Third Sector as Social Innovation (ITSSOIN, 613177), European Commission 7th Framework Programme, Brussels: European Commission, DG Research. http://itssoin.eu/site/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/ITSSOIN_D2.3_Part-2_Empirical- analyses-of-citizen-perceptions-of-the-third-sector-in-Europe.pdf Van Ingen, E. & Bekkers, R. (2015). Trust Through Civic Engagement? Evidence From Five National Panel Studies. Political Psychology, 36 (3): 277-294. http://www.melbourneinstitute.com/downloads/hilda/Bibliography/Conference_Papers/VanIngen _Bekkers_12.pdf Bekkers, R. (2012). Trust and Volunteering: Selection or Causation? Evidence from a Four Year Panel Study . Political Behavior, 32 (2): 225-247. https://renebekkers.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/bekkers_pobe_12.pdf Stoop, J. 2014. From the Lab to the Field: Envelopes, Dictators and Manners. Experimental Economics, 17, 304-313. 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 17

Other factors that affect trust Disasters (+) Corruption (-) Religious and ethnic diversity (-) 17 juni 2016 VU Lustrumcongres Scenarios van Besturen 18