The War Moves West and South: Battles and Strategies in the Revolutionary War

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The War Moves West and
South
 
CHAPTER 6 SECTION 3
 
War in the West
 
The Native Americans became
entangled in the Revolutionary War.
They fought in many of the battles in
the West.
Some fought for the Patriots while
more fought for the British. They
seemed like less of a threat.
Many Native Americans worked with
the British and led raids against
American villages.
 
George Rogers Clark vowed to end
British attacks in the west.
He set out with 175 soldiers and
marched 120 miles to seize the British
post Kaskaskia. They then went and
captured Vincennes.
The British fought to get it back but
Clark fought to keep it.
Thanks to Clark’s victory, it
strengthened the American position in
the West
 
Glory at Sea
 
While battles were happening in the
West, they were also happening at
sea.
The powerful British navy formed a
blockade around the American
harbors, which caused American ships
and allied ships unable to enter or
leave. This also made it to where they
could not receive supplies.
To break the blockade, Congress
ordered to build 13 new warships.
 
Only 2 of these ships actually made it
out to sea. The rest were quickly
captured by the British.
Congress then authorized the use of
2000 ships that were privateered-run
by private merchants.
This made it easier to find crews and
were able to capture more British
crews than the American Navy.
 
John Paul Jones
 
An American naval officer, John Paul
Jones, raided many British ports.
In September of 1779, his ship the
Bonhomme
 
Richard 
met the British ship
Serapis.
The two ships fought for hours and the
British captain asked if John Paul Jones
was ready to surrender. His answer
was “I have not yet begun to fight.”
 
The 
Serapis 
ended up surrendering but
Paul’s ship the 
Bonhomme Richard
sank not long after
.
The victory made John Paul Jones a
naval hero to the American Patriots.
 
Struggles in the South
 
In the early years of the war, the Patriots
won many battles all throughout the
South.
The British realized that bringing the
American colonies back into the British
empire would not be easy.
They changed their strategy and
concentrating their efforts in the South
where there were many Loyalists.
This strategy worked in the beginning.
 
In 1778, General Clinton sent 3500 troops
to take Savannah, GA.
In 1780, Clinton himself went down to
attack Charles Town, South Carolina.
The British won and took thousands of
prisoners. This was the worst defeat for
the Patriots.
General Cornwallis was left in charge of
the South and met General Horatio
Gates in Camden, SC in battle.
The British won but Cornwallis realized he
could not control the land they
conquered.
 
Guerilla Warfare
 
The British did not get as much support
as expected from the Loyalists.
As the British troops moved through
the countryside, they would be
attacked by small bands of Patriot
soldiers.
They would attack suddenly, strike,
then disappear quickly
This is called Guerrilla Warfare and
caught the British extremely off guard.
 
Francis Marion operated the swamps
of Eastern South Carolina.
He was a guerrilla leader for the
Patriots. He was also known as the
“Swamp Fox”
He was smart and quick enough to
where one British colonel grumbled
“The devil himself” could not catch
Marion.
 
Help From Spain
 
Bernardo de Galvez became
governor of Louisiana for Spain.
He supported the Patriots cause and
loaned them thousands of dollars for
supplies and also opened the port of
New Orleans to free trade.
He shipped supplies and ammo up to
American troops in the Northwest
territory.
In 1779, Spain declared war on Britain.
 
Galvez raised an army of Spanish
soldiers with Creoles, Native
Americans, and African Americans.
They marched on British posts along
the Mississippi.
They captured Baton Rouge, Natchez,
Mobile, and Pensacola.
These victories helped open supply
lines for military goods from Spain,
France, Cuba, and Mexico.
See quote on pg. 172.
 
Patriot Victories
 
The British moved through the
Carolinas after their victory in
Camden. They took 1000 Loyalists and
tried to defend an attack from Patriots
The Patriots forced them to retreat
and this brought on more support for
the Patriots from the Southerners.
Nathaniel Greene took over as
Commander of the Patriots in the
South
 
He split the Army in two and had them
fight and win against the British. One
attacked in Cowpens while the other
joined Marion’s Guerrilla raids.
The forces were reunited to fight
against Cornwallis and his army at
Guilford Courthouse.
Greene’s army surrendered but the
British suffered heavy losses.
Cornwallis abandoned the Carolina
campaign.
 
British Retreat
 
Cornwallis realized that to win the war,
British had to act quickly.
He led raids against the Patriots
through Virginia and almost captured
Governor Thomas Jefferson.
Jefferson fled on horseback just
ahead of the advancing British troops.
General Washington sent Lafayette
and General Anthony Wayne to fight
against Cornwallis.
 
Cornwallis set up camp at Yorktown
and waited further orders from
General Clinton in New York
The battle for the South was now
entering its final phase.
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Native Americans and Patriots clashed in the West, while sea battles raged with the British navy blockading American harbors. Naval officer John Paul Jones became a hero after a fierce battle. The British shifted focus to the South, facing Patriot victories initially but suffering setbacks due to guerilla warfare tactics.


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  1. The War Moves West and South CHAPTER 6 SECTION 3

  2. War in the West The Native Americans became entangled in the Revolutionary War. They fought in many of the battles in the West. George Rogers Clark vowed to end British attacks in the west. He set out with 175 soldiers and marched 120 miles to seize the British post Kaskaskia. They then went and captured Vincennes. Some fought for the Patriots while more fought for the British. They seemed like less of a threat. The British fought to get it back but Clark fought to keep it. Many Native Americans worked with the British and led raids against American villages. Thanks to Clark s victory, it strengthened the American position in the West

  3. Glory at Sea While battles were happening in the West, they were also happening at sea. Only 2 of these ships actually made it out to sea. The rest were quickly captured by the British. The powerful British navy formed a blockade around the American harbors, which caused American ships and allied ships unable to enter or leave. This also made it to where they could not receive supplies. Congress then authorized the use of 2000 ships that were privateered-run by private merchants. This made it easier to find crews and were able to capture more British crews than the American Navy. To break the blockade, Congress ordered to build 13 new warships.

  4. John Paul Jones An American naval officer, John Paul Jones, raided many British ports. The Serapis ended up surrendering but Paul s ship the Bonhomme Richard sank not long after. In September of 1779, his ship the Bonhomme Richard met the British ship Serapis. The victory made John Paul Jones a naval hero to the American Patriots. The two ships fought for hours and the British captain asked if John Paul Jones was ready to surrender. His answer was I have not yet begun to fight.

  5. Struggles in the South In the early years of the war, the Patriots won many battles all throughout the South. The British realized that bringing the American colonies back into the British empire would not be easy. They changed their strategy and concentrating their efforts in the South where there were many Loyalists. This strategy worked in the beginning. In 1778, General Clinton sent 3500 troops to take Savannah, GA. In 1780, Clinton himself went down to attack Charles Town, South Carolina. The British won and took thousands of prisoners. This was the worst defeat for the Patriots. General Cornwallis was left in charge of the South and met General Horatio Gates in Camden, SC in battle. The British won but Cornwallis realized he could not control the land they conquered.

  6. Guerilla Warfare The British did not get as much support as expected from the Loyalists. Francis Marion operated the swamps of Eastern South Carolina. As the British troops moved through the countryside, they would be attacked by small bands of Patriot soldiers. He was a guerrilla leader for the Patriots. He was also known as the Swamp Fox He was smart and quick enough to where one British colonel grumbled The devil himself could not catch Marion. They would attack suddenly, strike, then disappear quickly This is called Guerrilla Warfare and caught the British extremely off guard.

  7. Help From Spain Bernardo de Galvez became governor of Louisiana for Spain. Galvez raised an army of Spanish soldiers with Creoles, Native Americans, and African Americans. They marched on British posts along the Mississippi. He supported the Patriots cause and loaned them thousands of dollars for supplies and also opened the port of New Orleans to free trade. They captured Baton Rouge, Natchez, Mobile, and Pensacola. He shipped supplies and ammo up to American troops in the Northwest territory. These victories helped open supply lines for military goods from Spain, France, Cuba, and Mexico. In 1779, Spain declared war on Britain. See quote on pg. 172.

  8. Patriot Victories The British moved through the Carolinas after their victory in Camden. They took 1000 Loyalists and tried to defend an attack from Patriots He split the Army in two and had them fight and win against the British. One attacked in Cowpens while the other joined Marion s Guerrilla raids. The Patriots forced them to retreat and this brought on more support for the Patriots from the Southerners. The forces were reunited to fight against Cornwallis and his army at Guilford Courthouse. Nathaniel Greene took over as Commander of the Patriots in the South Greene s army surrendered but the British suffered heavy losses. Cornwallis abandoned the Carolina campaign.

  9. British Retreat Cornwallis realized that to win the war, British had to act quickly. Cornwallis set up camp at Yorktown and waited further orders from General Clinton in New York He led raids against the Patriots through Virginia and almost captured Governor Thomas Jefferson. The battle for the South was now entering its final phase. Jefferson fled on horseback just ahead of the advancing British troops. General Washington sent Lafayette and General Anthony Wayne to fight against Cornwallis.

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