The Nervous System: Structure and Functions
Unit 7:
Unit 7:
The Nervous System (Ch.18)
The Nervous System (Ch.18)
Functions
•
the nervous system
gathers, processes, and
responds
to information
•
Receives information
about what is
happening
both
inside and outside
your body.
•
Directs the way in which your body responds to
information.
–
Stimulus- something that causes a reaction.
–
Response- what you do in reaction to a stimulus.
•
Helps maintain homeostasis.
Protects from
harm and
directs signals
to eat, sleep, etc.
The Neuron
•
Neuron-
nervous system cell.
•
Nerve impulse-
the signal that neurons
carry.
•
Neuron has a
large cell body
that
contains
organelles and threadlike extensions called
dendrites,
and a long
axon.
- How the Nervous System Works
T
h
e
N
e
u
r
o
n
•
Axon-
carries impulses
away
from
the neuron.
•
Dendrite-
carries impulses
towards
the neuron.
The
structure of a
neuron
allows it to carry
nerve impulses.
Rat Neurons at work
Human neuron
Kinds of Neurons
•
Sensory Neuron-
picks up stimuli from
the internal or external environment.
•
Interneuron-
carries impulses from one
neuron to another.
•
Motor Neuron-
sends an impulse to a
muscle or gland.
The Synapse
•
Synapse-
the gap between two neurons
.
•
For a
nerve impulse
to be carried along
at a synapse, it
must cross the gap
between the axon and the next
structure.
•
The
axon tips release chemicals
that
carry the impulse across the gap.
- How the Nervous System Works
H
o
w
a
N
e
r
v
e
I
m
p
u
l
s
e
T
r
a
v
e
l
s
•
For a nerve impulse to be
carried along at a synapse, it
must cross the gap between
the axon and the next
structure. The axon tips release
chemicals that carry the
impulse across the gap.
The nervous system plays a crucial role in gathering, processing, and responding to information from both internal and external sources. Neurons, the basic building blocks of the nervous system, transmit nerve impulses through specialized structures like axons and dendrites. Different types of neurons, such as sensory, interneurons, and motor neurons, work together to ensure proper communication within the body. The synapse, the junction between neurons, allows nerve impulses to travel by releasing chemicals to bridge the gap. Understanding the structure and functions of the nervous system is essential for grasping how our body processes information and coordinates responses effectively.
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Presentation Transcript
Unit 7: The Nervous System (Ch.18)
Functions the nervous system gathers, processes, and responds to information Receives information about what is happening both inside and outside your body. Directs the way in which your body responds to information. Stimulus- something that causes a reaction. Response- what you do in reaction to a stimulus. Helps maintain homeostasis. Protects from harm and directs signals to eat, sleep, etc.
The Neuron Neuron- nervous system cell. Nerve impulse- the signal that neurons carry. Neuron has a large cell body that contains organelles and threadlike extensions called dendrites, and a long axon.
- How the Nervous System Works The Neuron The Neuron The structure of a neuron allows it to carry nerve impulses. Axon- carries impulses away from the neuron. Dendrite- carries impulses towards the neuron.
Kinds of Neurons Sensory Neuron- picks up stimuli from the internal or external environment. Interneuron- carries impulses from one neuron to another. Motor Neuron- sends an impulse to a muscle or gland.
The Synapse Synapse- the gap between two neurons. For a nerve impulse to be carried along at a synapse, it must cross the gap between the axon and the next structure. The axon tips release chemicals that carry the impulse across the gap.
- How the Nervous System Works How a Nerve Impulse Travels How a Nerve Impulse Travels For a nerve impulse to be carried along at a synapse, it must cross the gap between the axon and the next structure. The axon tips release chemicals that carry the impulse across the gap.
