The Iranian Revolution: Causes, Events, and Consequences
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9
79
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WHY
did the Iranian Revolution
start??
The
Iranian
Revolution
began when
many Iranians
and citizens
within
Iran
were
very
dissatisfied with
the
rulership
of
the
Iranian
King,
Mohammad
Reza
Shah Pahlavi. He replaced
his father on
the throne
on
September
16
th
,
1941.
HOW and WHEN
did
the
Iranian Revolution
officially
start??
It officially started in 1978
with the
first
major demonstration
to overthrow
the
Shah [1].
In
December
1979, the
Revolution
finally concluded
with the Shah
removed as ruler
of
Iran
and with the
approval of
the
new
theocratic
constitution.
Ayatollah
Ruhollah Khomeini took the
place of the
Shah with
the
approval
of
Iran.
[1]
Angry students and
religious
leaders in Qom,
Iran,
demonstrated against
a
false story attacking Khomeini
(the
man helping
overthrowing
the Shah) in the
official
press.
The
army
was sent
in,
and
killed
many
of
the
students.
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The
Iranian Revolution is considered the
3
rd
greatest revolution in
history.
On
February
9
th
,
1979,
million
of Iranians
came
on
to the
streets
of Teheran
to welcome the return
of
the religious leader
Ayatollah.
He
helped
overthrow the
much
hated
regime
of
the
Shah. It
was one of the
largest demonstrations
in
human history
(this shows
how
many
people
hated the
Shah).
WHY
did
the people hate the
Shah
so
much?
The Shah
relied
on
manipulation
and fear to
lead the
people. He
esstablished
a
“secret police”
( SAVAK: spy on people
and
report
back to the
Shah).
He
closely identified
himself
with the
West (U.S.)
which was clashing
with the
Iranian,
Muslim traditions.
The Shah
really made
attempts
to
modernize
Iran in
1953.
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The Shah’s
regime
involved changes
within
the
Muslim traditions
and
ideologies which
many
citizens reacted strongly
and
negatively
to.
These traditions
and
ideologies
involved:
-banning of
alcohol
-banning of
tobacco
-banning of
movies
-gambling
foreign
dress
-veil
for
women
-punishments (cutting
off the
hand….)
Iranian
Revolution
HOW was
it
a “proxy”
war??
The Iranian
revolution
was a proxy war in
the sense that the
Shah
used
the secret police
to
deal directly with the
people
in
Iran.
Ex: SAVAK
(secret police) set fire
to
the Cinema Rex in
August, 1978,
in
Abadan. 400 people
in the Cinema
died.
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WHERE
America stands in the
war:
In 1978, the Shah turned
to the United States
for
help and
support. Iran
had
been pro
America
for
quite
a
while,
and Iran was
important to
America
due
to their history together
and Iran’s
location.
Therefore
when
the
U.S.
National Security
Advisor
Zbigniew Brzezinski
repeatedly told the
Shah that
the
U.S. would support
him
100%,
it
was
of no
surprise.
HOWEVER,
after the
U.S. thought about
it
some
more
they realized that the revolution
was
virtually
unstoppable. Therefore,
associating
itself
in the
war and
getting involved
would be unwise for
them.
Nonetheless, the
U.S. sent
in
some military
troops
anyway
to
help stabilize
Iran. Thus Iran was
ruling
off of
America’s
military
and
financial
support.
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Iran and
America’s
bond
broken:
The Hostage
Crisis:
In
November
1979,
Iranian revolutionaries seized
the
U.S.
embassy in
Tehran
and
took the
employees
hostage.
They
young
men
held the employees captive
for 444
days. This
event is
significant
because
it
changed the way
America viewed
Iran. They
were now
seen
in a
negative light,
and
it
shocked
the
U.S. as
they
were
now brought
into
a world of
Islamic fundamentalism.
Ever
since the
event,
Iran and
the
U.S. have been
bitter
adversaries.
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•
•
•
•
TIMELINE
1941:
Mohammad
Reza
Shah Pahlavi
replaces father
on
the
throne
(father
is
exiled to
Africa).
1961
: Husain Borujerdi
(religious leader) dies and Khomeini takes his
place. (Khomeini is the
man
the
took the place
of
the
Shah). He
published
a book
called Society
of
Seminary
Teachers of
Qom, which
played
a key
role
in
the revolution
and
its
victory.
1963
: The Shah proposes “White
Revolution”.
This
is
a
six
point
reform
bill to
be put to a
nation wide
vote. However,
Khomeini
denounces
the
Shah’s plans
and
the Shah
exiles him
and puts
him
under
surveillance
in
Tehran.
1964:
Khomeini
is
exiled to
Tehran and doesn’t return
to
Iran for 14
years.
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TIMEL
I
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E
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1978
(January):
Hassan Ali Mansur (Prime Minister
of Iran) is
assassinated
and Amir
Abbas
Hoveyda
takes
the
place.
1978 ( Jan
7
th
):
In a news paper
called “Black and Red Imperialism”, was an
article written about Khomeini proposing
he
was
homosexual.
1978 ( Jan
9
th
):
A
demonstration
of 4000 people
against
the
article
resulted in
the
death of
many
students.
1978 ( Feb
18
th
):
Another protest against the Shah erupted in Tabriz. Around
100 people
were
killed.
1978 (
March
29
th
):
Another demonstration in Yazd. More
protestors
are
killed.
1978 (
August
12
th
):
More protestors
are killed
in
Isfahan.
1978 (
Aug
19
th
):
Cinema
Rex
fire.
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•
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•
1978 (Aug
27
th
):
Jafar Sharif-Emami
is
Prime Minister
and changes
are
made
to
the
Shah’s
policies
(no
gambling).
1978 (
Sep
8
th
):
Black
Friday
(the
shah brings
in tanks and
military
to
break
up a peaceful
demonstrators
and as a
result,
88 people are
dead.
1979 (Jan
16
th
):
Shah
leaves the
country.
1979 (Dec
2
nd
):
The New
Constitution
of Iran
is
approved
with
a 98%
vote.
I
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The
outcome
of
the Iranian Revolution
was a
positive
one for Iran.
Much persecution had
ended and
their ideologies, religious,
and
cultural traditions
were preserved. It
resulted
in
peace in
Iran and a
better government.
The
revolution transformed
Iran from a
monarchy
to
an
Islamic
Republic.
The Iranian Revolution of 1978-1979 was a significant event in history marked by widespread dissatisfaction with the rule of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, leading to his overthrow and the establishment of a new theocratic constitution under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. The revolution was fueled by grievances such as political repression, Western influence, and drastic social changes imposed by the Shah's regime. It culminated in massive demonstrations and the end of the Shah's rule, reshaping Iran's political landscape and global relations.
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Presentation Transcript
Iranian Revolution (1978-1979)
Iranian Revolution/ Islamic Revolution WHY did the Iranian Revolution start?? The Iranian Revolution began when many Iranians and citizens within Iran were very dissatisfied with the rulership of the Iranian King, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. He replaced his father on the throne on September 16th, 1941. HOW and WHEN did the Iranian Revolution officially start?? It officially started in 1978 with the first major demonstration to overthrow the Shah [1]. In December 1979, the Revolution finally concluded with the Shah removed as ruler of Iran and with the approval of the new theocratic constitution. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini took the place of the Shah with the approval of Iran. [1] Angry students and religious leaders in Qom, Iran, demonstrated against a false story attacking Khomeini (the man helping overthrowing the Shah) in the official press. The army was sent in, and killed many of the students.
Iranian Revolution The Iranian Revolution is considered the 3rd greatest revolution in history. On February 9th, 1979, million of Iranians came on to the streets of Teheran to welcome the return of the religious leader Ayatollah. He helped overthrow the much hated regime of the Shah. It was one of the largest demonstrations in human history (this shows how many people hated the Shah). WHY did the people hate the Shah so much? The Shah relied on manipulation and fear to lead the people. He esstablished a secret police ( SAVAK: spy on people and report back to the Shah). He closely identified himself with the West (U.S.) which was clashing with the Iranian, Muslim traditions. The Shah really made attempts to modernize Iran in 1953.
Iranian Revolution The Shah s regime involved changes within the Muslim traditions and ideologies which many citizens reacted strongly and negatively to. These traditions and ideologies involved: -banning of alcohol -banning of tobacco -banning of movies -gambling foreign dress -veil for women -punishments (cutting off the hand .)
IranianRevolution HOW was it a proxy war?? The Iranian revolution was a proxy war in the sense that the Shah used the secret police to deal directly with the people in Iran. Ex: SAVAK (secret police) set fire to the Cinema Rex in August, 1978, in Abadan. 400 people in the Cinema died.
Iranian Revolution WHERE America stands in the war: In 1978, the Shah turned to the United States for help and support. Iran had been pro America for quite a while, and Iran was important to America due to their history together and Iran s location. Therefore when the U.S. National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski repeatedly told the Shah that the U.S. would support him 100%, it was of no surprise. HOWEVER, after the U.S. thought about it some more they realized that the revolution was virtually unstoppable. Therefore, associating itself in the war and getting involved would be unwise for them. Nonetheless, the U.S. sent in some military troops anyway to help stabilize Iran. Thus Iran was ruling off of America s military and financial support.
Iranian Revolution Iran and America s bond broken: The Hostage Crisis: In November 1979, Iranian revolutionaries seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran and took the employees hostage. They young men held the employees captive for 444 days. This event is significant because it changed the way America viewed Iran. They were now seen in a negative light, and it shocked the U.S. as they were now brought into a world of Islamic fundamentalism. Ever since the event, Iran and the U.S. have been bitter adversaries.
Iranian Revolution TIMELINE 1941: Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi replaces father on the throne (father is exiled toAfrica). 1961: Husain Borujerdi (religious leader) dies and Khomeini takes his place. (Khomeini is the man the took the place of the Shah). He published a book called Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom, which played a key role in the revolution and its victory. 1963: The Shah proposes White Revolution . This is a six point reform bill to be put to a nation wide vote. However, Khomeini denounces the Shah s plans and the Shah exiles him and puts him under surveillance in Tehran. 1964: Khomeini is exiled to Tehran and doesn t return to Iran for 14 years.
Iranian Revolution TIMELINE 1978 (January): Hassan Ali Mansur (Prime Minister of Iran) is assassinated and Amir Abbas Hoveyda takes the place. 1978 ( Jan 7th):In a news paper called Black and Red Imperialism , was an article written about Khomeini proposing he was homosexual. 1978 ( Jan 9th):A demonstration of 4000 people against the article resulted in the death of many students. 1978 ( Feb 18th):Another protest against the Shah erupted in Tabriz. Around 100 people were killed. 1978 ( March 29th): Another demonstration in Yazd. More protestors are killed. 1978 ( August 12th):More protestors are killed in Isfahan. 1978 ( Aug 19th):Cinema Rex fire.
Iranian Revolution 1978 (Aug 27th):Jafar Sharif-Emami is Prime Minister and changes are made to the Shah s policies (no gambling). 1978 ( Sep 8th):Black Friday (the shah brings in tanks and military to break up a peaceful demonstrators and as a result, 88 people are dead. 1979 (Jan 16th):Shah leaves the country. 1979 (Dec 2nd):The New Constitution of Iran is approved with a 98% vote.
Iranian Revolution The outcome of the Iranian Revolution was a positive one for Iran. Much persecution had ended and their ideologies, religious, and cultural traditions were preserved. It resulted in peace in Iran and a better government. The revolution transformed Iran from a monarchy to an Islamic Republic.
