The Fascinating World of Bacteria: Types, Shapes, and Structures
1
Introduction to Bacteria
2 TYPES OF BACTERIA:
•
Bacteria
-Get food from an outside source
•
Blue-green Bacteria
-Make their own food
2
BACTERIA
Bacteria
-
small one celled monerans
Bacteria like a warm, dark, and moist
environment
They are found almost everywhere:
-water
-air
-soil
-food
-skin
-inside the body
-on most objects
3
Spiral:
spirilla
rod-shaped:
bacilli,
bacillus
Round:
cocci
3 Shapes of Bacteria
3 Shapes of Bacteria
Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups:
4
3 Shapes of Bacteria
3 Shapes of Bacteria
5
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
•
Capsule
•
Cell wall
•
Ribosomes
•
Nucleoid
•
Flagella
•
Pilli
•
Cytoplasm
6
Capsule
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
keeps the cell
from drying out
and helps it
stick to food or
other cells
7
Cell wall
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Thick outer
covering that
maintains the
overall shape of
the bacterial
cell
8
Ribosomes
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
cell part where
proteins are made
Ribosomes give
the cytoplasm of
bacteria a granular
appearance in
electron
micrographs
9
Nucleoid
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
a ring made
up of
DNA
10
Flagella
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
a whip-like
tail that some
bacteria have
for locomotion
11
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Amimation of E.
coli
12
Pilli
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
hollow hair-like
structures made
of protein
allows bacteria
to attach to
other cells.
Pilli
-
singular
Pillus
-
plural
13
Cytoplasm
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
clear jelly-like
material that
makes up most
of the cell
14
•
Binary Fission-
the process of one organism
dividing into two organisms
•
Fission is a type of asexual reproduction
Reproduction of Bacteria
Reproduction of Bacteria
How?...
The one main (circular)
chromosome makes a
copy of itself
Then it divides into two
•
Asexual reproduction-
reproduction of a
living thing from only one parent
15
BINARY FISSION
Bacteria dividing
Completed
Reproduction of Bacteria
Reproduction of Bacteria
16
•
The time of reproduction depends on how
desirable the conditions are
•
Bacteria can rapidly reproduce themselves in
warm, dark, and moist conditions
•
Some can reproduce every 20 minutes
(
one bacteria could be an ancestor to
one million bacteria in six hours)
Reproduction of Bacteria
Reproduction of Bacteria
17
Bacterial Cell &
Nucleiod DNA Ring
DNA replication
Cell wall synthesis
Cell separation
18
Bacteria Survival
Endospore-
•
a thick celled structure that forms inside
the cell
•
they are the major cause of food poisoning
•
they can withstand
boiling, freezing, and
extremely dry conditions
•
it encloses all the
nuclear materials
and some cytoplasm
•
allows the bacteria to survive for many years
19
Bacillus subtilis
Endospore-the black section in the middle
highly resistant structures
can withstand radiation, UV light, and
boiling at 120oC for 15 minutes.
Bacteria Survival
20
Bacteria Survival – Food sources
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important- because they send minerals
and other materials back into the soil so
other organisms can use them
21
Harmful Bacteria
•
some bacteria cause diseases
•
Animals can pass diseases to humans
Communicable Disease –
Disease passed from one organism to another
This can happen in several ways:
•
Air
•
Touching clothing, food, silverware, or toothbrush
•
Drinking water that contains bacteria
22
Human tooth with accumulation of bacterial
plaque (smooth areas) and calcified tartar
(rough areas)
Harmful Bacteria
23
Helpful Bacteria
•
Decomposers help recycle nutrients into the
soil for other organisms to grow
•
Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to
break down grass and hay
•
Most are used to make antibiotics
•
Some bacteria help make insulin
•
Used to make industrial chemicals
24
E.
coli
on small intestines
Helpful Bacteria
25
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Helpful Bacteria
26
Controlling Bacteria
3 ways to control bacteria:
1)
Canning-
the process of sealing food in
airtight cans or jars after killing bacteria
•
endospores are killed during this process
2)
Pasteurization-
process of heating milk
to kill harmful bacteria
3)
Dehydration-
removing water from food
•
Bacteria can’t grow when H
2
O is removed
•
example: uncooked noodles & cold cereal
27
Controlling Bacteria
Antiseptic
vs.
Disinfectants
Antiseptic-
chemicals that kill
bacteria on living things
•
means – “against infection”
Examples:
iodine, hydrogen peroxide,
alcohol, soap, mouthwash
Disinfectants-
stronger chemicals that
destroy bacteria on objects or nonliving
things
28
BLUE-GREEN BACTERIA
Autotrophs
–
make their own food
through photosynthesis
commonly grow on water and surfaces that
stay wet…such as rivers, creeks and dams
larger than most bacterial cells
Some live in salt water, snow, and acid
water of hot springs
food source for animals that live in the
water
29
BLUE-GREEN
BACTERIA
Blooms
-
occur when the
bacteria multiplies in great
numbers and form scum on
the top of the water
can be
toxic
to humans and animals
30
Lake Champlain
31
32
33
Bacillus anthracis
-
rod, vegetative stage
prokaryote
(bacterium)
Image Number:
21185A
34
Neisseria meningitidis
- coccus prokaryote
(bacterium)
Image Number:
97214E
35
Leptospira
interrogans
- spiral
shaped
prokaryote
(spirochete)
36
Strep animation
http://www.hybridmedicalanimati
on.com/pages/jjani_qt/strep_pne
umo_qt.html
Ecoli movement animatoin
http://www.hybridmedicalanimati
on.com/pages/jjani_qt/ecoli_qt.h
tml
37
Ecoli movement animatoin
http://www.hybridmedicalanimation.com/pa
ges/jjani_qt/ecoli_qt.html
38
HIV movie
http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/Video/HIV.mov
39
http://www.specialedprep.net/MSAT%20SCIENCE/KingdomMonera.htm
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/monera.html
Delve into the diverse characteristics of bacteria, from their food sources to shapes and major cell structures. Discover how bacteria play a crucial role in various environments, from soil to the human body.
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Presentation Transcript
Introduction to Bacteria 2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food 1
BACTERIA Bacteria - small one celled monerans Bacteria like a warm, dark, and moist environment They are found almost everywhere: -water -soil -skin -on most objects -air -food -inside the body 2
3 Shapes of Bacteria Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups: Spiral: spirilla rod-shaped: bacilli, bacillus Round: cocci 3
3 Shapes of Bacteria Bacillus anthracis (bacillus) Neisseria meningitidis (coccus) Leptospira interrogans (spirilla) 4
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell Capsule Cell wall Ribosomes Nucleoid Flagella Pilli Cytoplasm 5
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell Capsule keeps the cell from drying out and helps it stick to food or other cells 6
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell Cell wall Thick outer covering that maintains the overall shape of the bacterial cell 7
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell Ribosomes cell part where proteins are made Ribosomes give the cytoplasm of bacteria a granular appearance in electron micrographs 8
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell Nucleoid a ring made up of DNA 9
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell Flagella a whip-like tail that some bacteria have for locomotion 10
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell Amimation of E.coli 11
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell Pilli hollow hair-like structures made of protein allows bacteria to attach to other cells. Pilli-singular Pillus-plural 12
7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell Cytoplasm clear jelly-like material that makes up most of the cell 13
Reproduction of Bacteria Binary Fission- the process of one organism dividing into two organisms Fission is a type of asexual reproduction Asexual reproduction- reproduction of a living thing from only one parent How?... The one main (circular) chromosome makes a copy of itself Then it divides into two 14
Reproduction of Bacteria BINARY FISSION Completed Bacteria dividing 15
Reproduction of Bacteria The time of reproduction depends on how desirable the conditions are Bacteria can rapidly reproduce themselves in warm, dark, and moist conditions Some can reproduce every 20 minutes (one bacteria could be an ancestor to one million bacteria in six hours) 16
Bacterial Cell & Nucleiod DNA Ring DNA replication Cell wall synthesis Cell separation 17
Bacteria Survival Endospore- a thick celled structure that forms inside the cell they are the major cause of food poisoning allows the bacteria to survive for many years they can withstand boiling, freezing, and extremely dry conditions it encloses all the nuclear materials and some cytoplasm 18
Bacteria Survival Bacillus subtilis Endospore-the black section in the middle highly resistant structures can withstand radiation, UV light, and boiling at 120oC for 15 minutes. 19
Bacteria Survival Food sources parasites bacteria that feed on living things saprophytes use dead materials for food (exclusively) decomposers get food from breaking down dead matter into simple chemicals important- because they send minerals and other materials back into the soil so other organisms can use them 20
Harmful Bacteria some bacteria cause diseases Animals can pass diseases to humans Communicable Disease Disease passed from one organism to another This can happen in several ways: Air Touching clothing, food, silverware, or toothbrush Drinking water that contains bacteria 21
Harmful Bacteria Human tooth with accumulation of bacterial plaque (smooth areas) and calcified tartar (rough areas) 22
Helpful Bacteria Decomposers help recycle nutrients into the soil for other organisms to grow Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay Most are used to make antibiotics Some bacteria help make insulin Used to make industrial chemicals 23
Helpful Bacteria E.coli on small intestines 24
Helpful Bacteria Used to treat sewage Organic waste is consumed by the bacteria, used as nutrients by the bacteria, and is no longer present to produce odors, sludge, pollution, or unsightly mess. foods like yogurt, cottage & Swiss cheese, sour cream, buttermilk are made from bacteria that grows in milk 25
Controlling Bacteria 3 ways to control bacteria: 1) Canning- the process of sealing food in airtight cans or jars after killing bacteria endospores are killed during this process 2) Pasteurization- process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria 3) Dehydration- removing water from food Bacteria can t grow when H2O is removed example: uncooked noodles & cold cereal 26
Controlling Bacteria Antiseptic vs. Disinfectants Antiseptic- chemicals that kill bacteria on living things means against infection Examples: iodine, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, soap, mouthwash Disinfectants- stronger chemicals that destroy bacteria on objects or nonliving things 27
BLUE-GREEN BACTERIA Autotrophs make their own food through photosynthesis larger than most bacterial cells commonly grow on water and surfaces that stay wet such as rivers, creeks and dams Some live in salt water, snow, and acid water of hot springs food source for animals that live in the water 28
BLUE-GREEN BACTERIA can be toxic to humans and animals Blooms- occur when the bacteria multiplies in great numbers and form scum on the top of the water BlueGreen-Algae 29
Lake Champlain BlueGreen-Algae 30
Bacillus anthracis - rod, vegetative stage prokaryote (bacterium) Image Number: 21185A 33
Neisseria meningitidis - coccus prokaryote (bacterium) Image Number: 97214E 34
Leptospira interrogans - spiral shaped prokaryote (spirochete) 35
Strep animation http://www.hybridmedicalanimati on.com/pages/jjani_qt/strep_pne umo_qt.html Ecoli movement animatoin http://www.hybridmedicalanimati on.com/pages/jjani_qt/ecoli_qt.h tml 36
Ecoli movement animatoin http://www.hybridmedicalanimation.com/pa ges/jjani_qt/ecoli_qt.html 37
HIV movie http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/Video/HIV.mov 38
