Strategies and Tactics in Educational Design
Strategy and tactics play crucial roles in educational design, guiding the use of tools and techniques for effective learning outcomes. Sun Tzu's insight on victory being rooted in unseen strategy resonates in the realm of instructional design. The distinction between strategy (the overarching plan) and tactics (specific actions) is emphasized, showcasing how they work together to achieve objectives. Examples such as audience response systems, clickers for interaction, and Nonaka's Knowledge Management Cycle illustrate the application of strategy and tactics in educational settings. The importance of a well-aligned strategy to leverage technological tools and resources effectively is highlighted, underscoring the significance of a structured approach for successful learning experiences.
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All men can see the tactics whereby I conquer, but what none can see is the strategy out of which victory is evolved. - Sun Tzu
Strategy vs. Tactics Strategy is the bird s eye view of a problem and what needs to be done to address it. Tactics are a way to deploy strategy in a specific context. Both are necessary to complete an objective. Without the necessary technology or resources, the best strategies can fail and vice versa, the best technology and resources will fall short if a strategy is faulty. All of the technology available to us as instructional designers are tools that can be used to execute a tactic, but without an effective strategy, tools and tactics result in nothing but expenditures of money and personnel.
A strategy that guides the use of audience response systems. High Stakes Assessment Increased Attendance Greater Learning
Uses clickers (tool) to quiz for attendance and paying attention during lecture. Class begins with check-in question for some number of points. Lecture/presentation is given. Questions are given to quiz students for understanding for some number of points.
A BETTER strategy that guides the use of audience response systems. Increased Interaction Better Feedback Greater Learning
Nonakas KM Cycle is a strategy for thinking about designing organizational learning Tacit Tacit Explicit Tacit Socialization Externalization e.g. tactic: workshop participants discussing a concept. e.g. tactic: Creating a visual metaphor for a concept Tacit Explicit Explicit Explicit Internalization Combination e.g. tacti: Reading a paper about a concept or topic e.g. tactic: Converting two data sets into a new graph
The programmed instruction is an example of a tactic derived from Skinner s frameworks (i.e. strategies) on how people learn. The teaching machine (tool) was developed (over and over again) to deploy this tactic.
Your challenge Create a visual that sums up your strategy. This can come from your reflection on your own experiences or a theorist you are particularly fond of. It can be linear, or circular or some other configuration. The main thing is that you capture the essence of what is going to drive your approach to design the learning experiences that will meet your objectives.
