Stepping Into Graduate School in Psychology: Exploring Different Areas and Career Paths
Stepping into Graduate
School in Psychology
APRIL 1, 2021
Types of Graduate Programs
Types of Graduate Programs
in Psychology
in Psychology
Dr. Arturo Hernandez
Professor of Clinical Psychology
Where do I begin?
•
Graduate study is a major commitment
•
First, understand the different types of degrees and what each entails
•
Consider how different degrees align with your individual career goals
Which areas of psychology interest
you most?
Clinical
Industrial/Organizational
Social/Personality
Developmental
Cognitive
Behavioral Neuroscience
School
Counseling
Community
Health/Pediatric
Forensic
Behavioral Analysis
Clinical Psychology
Clinical psychology
focuses on understanding, diagnosing and
treating mental disorders including substance abuse,
depression, anxiety, autism, etc.
Clinical psychologists are doctors trained both to conduct
research and provide assessment and treatment services.
They develop, administer and interpret cognitive and
personality tests, diagnose mental illness, design, test, and
implement treatments.
Psychologists are also experts in psychometrics, or psychological
measurement. They develop and administer tests to evaluate
cognitive ability or mental status.
Types of Mental Health Practitioners
•
Psychologists –
clinical, counseling, school
•
Counselors/therapists
•
Social Workers
•
Psychiatrists
Types of Mental Health Providers
•
Psychologists
Doctoral Degree in Psychology (Ph.D. or Psy.D.)
•
Counselors/therapists
Master’s Degree in one of several fields including
psych, social work, education
•
Psychiatrists
Medical Doctor (M.D.)
•
Social Workers
Master’s (or Doctorate) in Social Work
Clinical Psychologist
vs Master’s level Therapist
P
s
y
D
(
D
o
c
t
o
r
o
f
P
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
y
)
•
The PsyD degree was developed in the late 1970’s as an
alternative to a PhD in clinical psychology
•
A PsyD is intended for those interested solely in practicing
psychology
◦
These programs require fewer research and statistics courses and may not
require a final dissertation research study
•
A PhD is intended for those interested in generating new
knowledge through scientific research, teaching, and/or
practicing psychology
◦
These programs include multi-focused training that prepares students to
work in a broader range of settings and roles.
Psy.D. vs. Ph.D.
What can Clinical
Psychologists do?
•
Research
◦
generate new knowledge
•
Teaching
◦
undergraduate, graduate and professional level
•
Program Development and Evaluation
◦
Community-based prevention programs
◦
Inpatient treatment protocols
•
Consultation
◦
Clinical, medical, forensic, etc.
•
Clinical Practice
Things to consider about a Ph.D. in
Clinical Psychology
•
Make sure program is APA accredited
•
Very competitive
◦
Need to plan ahead - excel academically, acquire research
training, strong letters of support
•
Mentored training
◦
Students work with an individual faculty member- good matches
are based on shared research or clinical interests
•
Completion of a masters thesis and doctoral
dissertation under the supervision of a mentor
Things to consider about a Ph.D. in
Clinical Psychology
•
Includes ongoing clinical training
◦
Culminating with a one year full-time internship
•
Focus is on conducting research
◦
Designing studies, collecting data, analyzing results and
publishing findings in scientific journals
•
You will not be allowed to work outside of your PhD
program
◦
You wont have time anyway!
Counseling Psychology
•
Programs train students to become professional
practitioners of psychology, working in a variety of
counseling settings.
•
Clinical psychologists study and treat mental health
disorders, whereas counseling psychologists focus
career issues, life transitions and overall well being
•
Training is very similar to Ph.D. in clinical psychology
◦
Similar in length, research and clinical training, thesis and
dissertation requirements, and culminating with a one year
full-time internship
School Psychology
•
School psychologists primarily work in public school
setting to:
◦
Assist educators in implementing effective learning environments
◦
Conduct research about effective instruction, behavior management,
alternative school programs, and interventions
◦
Assess and evaluate children’s school-related problems and needs
◦
Intervene directly with students through individual counseling, support
groups, and skills training
•
A master's degree and state licensure are required for
entry-level school psychology positions.
•
Students with interests in conducting research or
teaching at the university level need a doctoral
degree.
Masters in Counseling
•
Many types of programs in this category
•
Typically a two year degree
◦
Master of Education (MEd) in Counseling
: programs are
typically designed to develop skills relevant to a wide range of
careers in social service and mental health agencies.
◦
Masters in Counseling Psychology
: programs prepare
graduates for research, teaching and/or counseling in a variety
of settings.
◦
Masters in School Psychology:
programs prepare students to
work in schools or private practices with a focus on academic
testing.
Doctoral programs in the Houston area
(accredited)
•
Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology
◦
UH (Department of Psychology)
◦
Sam Houston State University
◦
Texas Tech University
•
Ph.D. in School Psychology
◦
UH (Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences)
•
Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology
◦
UH (Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences)
◦
Texas Tech University
•
Psy.D. in Health Service Psychology
◦
UH Clearlake - combined clinical/school program
•
Psy.D. in Counseling Psychology
◦
Our Lady of the Lake University
Social Psychology
•
The field of
social psychology
is concerned with
understanding individual behavior in a social context.
•
The work of social psychologists allows us to better
understand how group dynamics influence our choices and
actions, and provides insight into how our social
perceptions affect our interactions with others.
•
Example topics examined include
personality, social
cognition, group processes, prejudice and discrimination,
attitudes, conformity
, and
stereotypes
•
Social psychologists most often work at academic
institutions, but may also work for government agencies,
non-profit organizations, hospitals, and private companies
.
I/O Psychology
•
Industrial/organizational psychology
focuses on studying human
behavior in organizations and the work place.
•
I/O psychologists address issues related to recruitment, selection,
training, performance eval, workplace motivation and reward
systems, quality of work life, and consumer behavior.
•
Most I/O psychologists work in organizational and workplace settings
(manufacturing, commercial enterprises, labor unions and health
care facilities). They may also work as independent consultants,
called into an organization to solve a particular problem.
•
Other I/O psychologists hold academic positions in colleges and
universities.
Cognitive Psychology
•
Cognitive psychology
is focuses on the study of mental
processes such as attention, language, memory, perception,
problem solving, creativity, and thinking that impact behavior.
•
Cognitive psychologists conduct experiments to understand
how the human mind takes in, processes, acts upon, and recalls
inputs received from the outside world.
•
Many practical applications - Information gained in this area is
used in applied fields of psychology (clinical, social) and in the
creation of educational materials and software design.
•
Cognitive psychologists work at colleges and universities,
government agencies, corporate businesses and in private
consulting.
Developmental Psychology
•
Developmental psychology
focuses on how and why human beings change
the ways they think, feel, and behave over the course of their life.
•
Study a broad range of topics including motor skills, executive functions, moral
understanding, language acquisition, personality, emotional development, and
identity formation.
•
Developmental psychologists work in academic settings, government agencies,
health care facilities and schools.
•
Some developmental psychologists focus on working with a specific
population such as developmentally delayed children.
•
Behavioral neuroscience
(biological psychology) is the application of the
principles of biology to the study of behavior.
•
Behavioral neuroscience research conducted in non-human species (e.g., rats,
monkeys) and humans
•
Advanced techniques used in research include pharmacological
manipulations, surgical procedures, electrical stimulation, fMRI, genetic
mapping, etc.
•
Direct contributions to the understanding of brain-based disorders, including
Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, severe depression, schizophrenia, autism,
and drug abuse/alcoholism.
Behavioral Neuroscience
Graduate Programs at the University of
Houston
Department of Psychology (College of Liberal Arts
and Social Sciences)
◦
Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology
◦
Ph.D. in Social Psychology
◦
Ph.D. in I/O Psychology
◦
Ph.D. in Developmental, Cognitive and Behavioral
Neuroscience
Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning
Sciences (College of Education)
◦
Ph.D. in School Psychology
◦
Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology
◦
Master of Education in Counseling
Graduate study in psychology requires a deep understanding of the various types of degrees and career opportunities available. From clinical psychology to mental health practitioners and providers, delve into the diverse areas of psychology, such as school counseling, industrial/organizational, and behavioral neuroscience. Learn the distinctions between clinical psychologists and master's level therapists, and consider the different training and work settings within the field.
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Presentation Transcript
Stepping into Graduate School in Psychology APRIL 1, 2021
Related image Types of Graduate Programs in Psychology Dr. Arturo Hernandez Professor of Clinical Psychology
Where do I begin? Graduate study is a major commitment First, understand the different types of degrees and what each entails Consider how different degrees align with your individual career goals
Which areas of psychology interest you most? School Clinical Counseling Industrial/Organizational Community Social/Personality Health/Pediatric Developmental Forensic Cognitive Behavioral Analysis Behavioral Neuroscience
Clinical Psychology Clinical psychology focuses on understanding, diagnosing and treating mental disorders including substance abuse, depression, anxiety, autism, etc. Clinical psychologists are doctors trained both to conduct research and provide assessment and treatment services. They develop, administer and interpret cognitive and personality tests, diagnose mental illness, design, test, and implement treatments. Psychologists are also experts in psychometrics, or psychological measurement. They develop and administer tests to evaluate cognitive ability or mental status.
Types of Mental Health Practitioners Psychologists clinical, counseling, school Counselors/therapists Social Workers Psychiatrists
Types of Mental Health Providers Psychologists Doctoral Degree in Psychology (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) Counselors/therapists Master s Degree in one of several fields including psych, social work, education Psychiatrists Medical Doctor (M.D.) Social Workers Master s (or Doctorate) in Social Work
Clinical Psychologist vs Master s level Therapist Psychologist (Ph.D.) Therapist Degree Doctoral Masters Years of Training 5-7 2-3 Focus of Training Research, Teaching, and Practice Practice Primary Work Settings University Research Institutes Private/ Group Practice Community MH Centers Medical Centers Government and Health Agencies Private/Group Practice Group Practice Community MH Centers Medical Centers Need to be licensed? Maybe Yes
PsyD (Doctor of Psychology) PsyD (Doctor of Psychology) The PsyD degree was developed in the late 1970 s as an alternative to a PhD in clinical psychology A PsyD is intended for those interested solely in practicing psychology These programs require fewer research and statistics courses and may not require a final dissertation research study A PhD is intended for those interested in generating new knowledge through scientific research, teaching, and/or practicing psychology These programs include multi-focused training that prepares students to work in a broader range of settings and roles.
Psy.D. vs. Ph.D. Psy.D. Ph.D. Years of Training 4-6 5-7 Focus of Training Practice Research, Teaching, Practice Funded during school? No Yes Typical annual costs $25,000 - $60,000 $0 - tuition waiver plus stipend for teaching or doing research Typical debt upon graduation $200,000+ <$50,000 % applicants offered admission 50% or more 2-10% Setting For profit professional schools Universities Career Options Narrow More Broad
What can Clinical Psychologists do? Research generate new knowledge Teaching undergraduate, graduate and professional level Program Development and Evaluation Community-based prevention programs Inpatient treatment protocols Consultation Clinical, medical, forensic, etc. Clinical Practice
Things to consider about a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology Make sure program is APA accredited Very competitive Need to plan ahead - excel academically, acquire research training, strong letters of support Mentored training Students work with an individual faculty member- good matches are based on shared research or clinical interests Completion of a masters thesis and doctoral dissertation under the supervision of a mentor
Things to consider about a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology Includes ongoing clinical training Culminating with a one year full-time internship Focus is on conducting research Designing studies, collecting data, analyzing results and publishing findings in scientific journals You will not be allowed to work outside of your PhD program You wont have time anyway!
Counseling Psychology Programs train students to become professional practitioners of psychology, working in a variety of counseling settings. Clinical psychologists study and treat mental health disorders, whereas counseling psychologists focus career issues, life transitions and overall well being Training is very similar to Ph.D. in clinical psychology Similar in length, research and clinical training, thesis and dissertation requirements, and culminating with a one year full-time internship
School Psychology School psychologists primarily work in public school setting to: Assist educators in implementing effective learning environments Conduct research about effective instruction, behavior management, alternative school programs, and interventions Assess and evaluate children s school-related problems and needs Intervene directly with students through individual counseling, support groups, and skills training A master's degree and state licensure are required for entry-level school psychology positions. Students with interests in conducting research or teaching at the university level need a doctoral degree.
Masters in Counseling Many types of programs in this category Typically a two year degree Master of Education (MEd) in Counseling: programs are typically designed to develop skills relevant to a wide range of careers in social service and mental health agencies. Masters in Counseling Psychology: programs prepare graduates for research, teaching and/or counseling in a variety of settings. Masters in School Psychology: programs prepare students to work in schools or private practices with a focus on academic testing.
Doctoral programs in the Houston area (accredited) Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology UH (Department of Psychology) Sam Houston State University Texas Tech University Ph.D. in School Psychology UH (Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences) Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology UH (Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences) Texas Tech University Psy.D. in Health Service Psychology UH Clearlake - combined clinical/school program Psy.D. in Counseling Psychology Our Lady of the Lake University
Social Psychology The field of social psychology is concerned with understanding individual behavior in a social context. The work of social psychologists allows us to better understand how group dynamics influence our choices and actions, and provides insight into how our social perceptions affect our interactions with others. Example topics examined include personality, social cognition, group processes, prejudice and discrimination, attitudes, conformity, and stereotypes Social psychologists most often work at academic institutions, but may also work for government agencies, non-profit organizations, hospitals, and private companies.
I/O Psychology Industrial/organizational psychology focuses on studying human behavior in organizations and the work place. I/O psychologists address issues related to recruitment, selection, training, performance eval, workplace motivation and reward systems, quality of work life, and consumer behavior. Most I/O psychologists work in organizational and workplace settings (manufacturing, commercial enterprises, labor unions and health care facilities). They may also work as independent consultants, called into an organization to solve a particular problem. Other I/O psychologists hold academic positions in colleges and universities.
Cognitive Psychology Cognitive psychology is focuses on the study of mental processes such as attention, language, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and thinking that impact behavior. Cognitive psychologists conduct experiments to understand how the human mind takes in, processes, acts upon, and recalls inputs received from the outside world. Many practical applications - Information gained in this area is used in applied fields of psychology (clinical, social) and in the creation of educational materials and software design. Cognitive psychologists work at colleges and universities, government agencies, corporate businesses and in private consulting.
Developmental Psychology Developmental psychology focuses on how and why human beings change the ways they think, feel, and behave over the course of their life. Study a broad range of topics including motor skills, executive functions, moral understanding, language acquisition, personality, emotional development, and identity formation. Developmental psychologists work in academic settings, government agencies, health care facilities and schools. Some developmental psychologists focus on working with a specific population such as developmentally delayed children.
Behavioral Neuroscience Behavioral neuroscience (biological psychology) is the application of the principles of biology to the study of behavior. Behavioral neuroscience research conducted in non-human species (e.g., rats, monkeys) and humans Advanced techniques used in research include pharmacological manipulations, surgical procedures, electrical stimulation, fMRI, genetic mapping, etc. Direct contributions to the understanding of brain-based disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, severe depression, schizophrenia, autism, and drug abuse/alcoholism.
Graduate Programs at the University of Houston Department of Psychology (College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences) Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology Ph.D. in Social Psychology Ph.D. in I/O Psychology Ph.D. in Developmental, Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences (College of Education) Ph.D. in School Psychology Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology Master of Education in Counseling
