Spearman's Two-Factor Theory
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SPEARMAN’S TWO FACTOR THEORY
This theory was advocated by Spearman.
According to him, each intellectual
activity involves a general factor ‘g’
which represents the general mental
energy or power that functions in
person’s overall mental activities and a
specific factor ‘s’ which belongs to it
alone.
undefinedThe factor ‘g’ is thus present in all
specific activities. The total ability or
intelligence ‘A’ of an individual, thus,
will be expressed by the following
equation:
g + s
1
+ s
2
+ s
3
+ … = A
According to Spearman every individual
has one ‘g’ factor and some ‘s’ factors
or specific abilities. The ‘g’ factor is
always the same for the same person
and the ‘s’ factor varies from tasks to
tasks.
Different individuals differ both in their
‘g’ as well as ‘s’ factor.
These two factors can be explained in
the following ways:
1) ‘g’ factor
: The factor ‘g’ or general
ability represents the nature of
intelligence. It is considered as playing
some role in almost all human activities.
Every individual has one ‘g’ factor and
this factor determines his success in any
field of knowledge.
The main characteristics of the ‘g’
factor are the following:
o
It is inborn ability
o
The amount of ‘g’ differs from person
to person
o
It is used in every life activity
o
Greater the ‘g’ in an individual
greater the success in life
2) ‘s’ factor
: There is more than one
specific factor in an individual. The main
characteristics of ‘s’ factor are as follows:
o
It is not inborn and is learned and
acquired in the environment
o
It varies from activity to activity in the
same individual
o
Individuals differ in the amount of ‘s’
ability
o
There may be several ‘s’ factors in an
individual
Criticism
This two factor theory of Spearman has
been criticized on various grounds:
1)
Spearman held that intelligence may
be expressed in terms of two factors,
but as we have seen that, there are not
only two but several factors (g + s
1
+ s
2
+
s
3
+ …)
2)
According to Spearman, each job
requires some specific ability. This view
was untenable as it implied that there is
nothing common to different jobs except
a general factor and professions such as
those of nurses, compounders and
doctors could not be put in one group.
THANK
YOU
Spearman's Two-Factor Theory posits a general mental energy factor (g) and specific abilities factors (s), determining individual intelligence. The g factor is innate and crucial in various activities, while the s factor is acquired and varies per task. Despite criticisms regarding the oversimplification of intelligence, this theory provides insights into how different factors contribute to mental abilities.
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Presentation Transcript
SPEARMANS TWO FACTOR THEORY This theory was advocated by Spearman. According to him, activity involves a general factor g which represents the general mental energy or power person s overall mental activities and a specific factor s which belongs to it alone. each intellectual that functions in
The factor g is thus present in all specific activities. The total ability or intelligence A of an individual, thus, will be expressed equation: g + s1+ s2+ s3+ = A by the following
According to Spearman every individual has one g factor and some s factors or specific abilities. The g factor is always the same for the same person and the s factor varies from tasks to tasks. Different individuals differ both in their g as well as s factor.
These two factors can be explained in the following ways: 1) g factor: The factor g or general ability represents intelligence. It is considered as playing some role in almost all human activities. Every individual has one g factor and this factor determines his success in any field of knowledge. the nature of
The main characteristics of the g factor are the following: o It is inborn ability o The amount of g differs from person to person o It is used in every life activity o Greater the g greater the success in life in an individual
2) s factor: There is more than one specific factor in an individual. The main characteristics of s factor are as follows: o It is not inborn and is learned and acquired in the environment o It varies from activity to activity in the same individual o Individuals differ in the amount of s ability o There may be several s factors in an individual
Criticism This two factor theory of Spearman has been criticized on various grounds: 1) Spearman held that intelligence may be expressed in terms of two factors, but as we have seen that, there are not only two but several factors (g + s1+ s2+ s3+ )
2) According to Spearman, each job requires some specific ability. This view was untenable as it implied that there is nothing common to different jobs except a general factor and professions such as those of nurses, doctors could not be put in one group. compounders and
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