Slavic Nominal Case Morphology & Stems

Uncover the intricacies of consonant-stem nominal case morphology in Slavic languages, from the introduction to the case system to the classification of consonant stems into major groups such as *u-stems, *n-stems, *s-stems, *nt-stems, and *r-stems. Explore the unique characteristics of *-stems, *o-stems, as well as N-stems for neuter and masculine forms. Delve into Proto-Slavic roots and discover the evolution and usage of these essential linguistic elements through detailed visuals and explanations.

• Slavic languages
• Nominal case morphology
• Consonant stems
• Understanding linguistics

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1. CONSONANT-STEM NOMINAL CASE MORPHOLOGY IN THE SLAVIC LANGUAGES Hans Slechta

2. INTRODUCTION TO THE SLAVIC CASE SYSTEM PIE had eight grammatical cases (Ablative merged with Slavic Genitive) Proto-Slavic retains seven (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Instrumental, Locative, Vocative) Nominative Subject Genitive Possession Dative Indirect Object Accusative Direct Object Instrumental Use of a Tool/Instrument Locative Location Vocative Address

3. INTRODUCTION TO CONSONANT- STEMS PIE nouns could be thematic or athematic Thematic e/o immediately before case endings Athematic consonant immediately before case endings Thematic/Athematic case endings were essentially the same In Proto-Slavic, former PIE stem-suffixes merge with the case endings, creating vowel-stems (*i , *u , *a , and *u ), and thematic nouns all become interpreted as *o-stems All other nouns become consonant-stems the inherited form had a consonant immediately before the case ending

4. CONSONANT-STEMS (5 MAJOR GROUPS) *u -stems count as consonant-stems development of -uv- stem in oblique cases, duals, and plurals *n-stems *s-stems *nt-stems *r-stems

5. *-STEMS *o ty duck Church Slavonic: o ty Old Russian: utica/utovi /uty, G. utu ve Russian: u tka/u tica/utva (coll) Ukrainian: u tyc a Belarusian: uc /u c ica Lower Sorbian: hus ica duck /hus e, G. hus es a young duck Serbo-Croatian: u tva Slovene: tva

6. *N-STEMS (NEUTER) *se lme beam Russian Church Slavonic: sle me , G. sle mene Russian: slemja, G. slemene beam, cross-beam Czech: sle me /slemeno beam, ridge Slovak: slema /slemeno Polish: s lemie /szlemie Bulgarian: sle me Serbo-Croatian: s lje me, G. s lje mena roof-beam Slovene: sle m e, G. sle m ena ridge beam

7. *N-STEMS (MASCULINE) *strumy stream, brook Russian: stru men Ukrainian: stru min , G. stru menju/strumo k, G. strumka Old Czech: strumen Czech: strumen Polish: strumien /strumyk Upper Sorbian: trum en Lower Sorbian: ts um en Polabian: stra umen Slovene: stru men, G. strume n a

8. *S-STEMS *te lo body OCS: te lo, G. te lese Old Russian: te lo, G. te lese Russian: te lo Ukrainian: ti lo Czech: te lo Slovak: telo Polish: cia o Upper Sorbian: c e o Lower Sorbian: s e o Bulgarian: te lo Serbo-Croatian: ti jelo Slovene: te l , G. te le sa

9. *NT-STEMS *z e rbe foal, young donkey Polish: z rebie OCS: z re be Upper Sorbian: z rebjo Russian: z erebjo nok Lower Sorbian: z r eb e Ukrainian: z erebja Polabian: zriba Belarusian: z e rebe Bulgarian: z rebe Czech: hr i be Serbo-Croatian: z dri jebe Slovak: z rieba Slovene: z rebe , G. z rebe ta

10. *R-STEMS *du kti daughter Polish: cora/co rka OCS: du s ti, G. du s tere Slovincian: co rka Old Russian: doc i Bulgarian: du s ter a Russian: doc /do c i (dial), G. do c eri Macedonian: kjerka Ukrainian: doc , G. do c ery Serbo-Croatian: kc i , G. kc e re; s c i , G. s c e ra Belarusian: dac ka C akavian: c e r, G. c e ri/c ere ; hc i , G. hc e ri/hc ere /hc eri Old Czech: dci, G. dcer e Slovene: hc i , G. hc re; hc r, G. hc eri Czech: dcera Slovak: dce ra

11. SOURCES Derksen 2008: Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon Olander 2015: Proto-Slavic Inflectional Morphology Trubachev, et. al. 1974-2004: Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Languages Vasmer 1953-1958: Russian Etymological Dictionary