Sequence Comparison
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
C
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
Dr. Hilal AY
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
Sequence comparison
Sequence comparison
Sequence comparison
Sequence comparison
I
d
e
n
t
i
c
a
l
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
I
d
e
n
t
i
c
a
l
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
I
d
e
n
t
i
c
a
l
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
N
u
c
l
e
o
t
i
d
e
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
N
u
c
l
e
o
t
i
d
e
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
G
l
o
b
a
l
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
–
L
o
c
a
l
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
–
n
u
c
l
e
o
t
i
d
e
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
–
a
m
i
n
o
a
c
i
d
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
P
r
o
t
e
i
n
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
P
r
o
t
e
i
n
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
Triptofan (Trp) [W]
Codon: GAT / GAC
Codon: GAA / GAG
Codon: TGG
P
r
o
t
e
i
n
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
A
m
i
n
o
a
c
i
d
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
a
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
P
h
y
l
o
g
e
n
e
t
i
c
T
r
e
e
s
A unique content piece exploring the intertwined themes of sequence, comparison, and Dr. Hilal AY. Delve into this compelling narrative that combines elements of comparison and sequencing to present a thought-provoking perspective. Discover the significance of structured sequences and comparative analysis in the context of Dr. Hilal AY's work. This content offers a distinctive approach to exploring the connections between different elements, inviting readers to ponder the implications of these juxtaposed concepts.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Sequence Sequence Comparison Comparison Dr. Hilal AY
Sequence Sequence comparison comparison Annotation of new sequences Building models for proteins . Comparison of nucleotide and protein sequences Designation of expression profiling experiments Phylogenetic analyses
Sequence comparison Homologous Related sequences are designated as being homologous. Homology is not a measure of similarity, but rather signifies that sequences have a shared evolutionary history and, therefore, possess a common ancestral sequence. Ortholog Homologous proteins from different species that possess the same function (e.g., corresponding kinases in a signal transduction pathway in human and mice) are called orthologs. Paralog Homologous proteins that have different functions in the same species (e.g., two kinases in different signal transduction pathways of humans) are termed paralogs.
Sequence comparison Identity Similarity Similarity is not simple to calculate. Before similarity can be determined, the degree of similarity of the building blocks of sequences to each other must first be determined. This is done using similarity matrices that are also known as substitution or scoring matrices. Similarity matrices specify the probability that a sequence will transform into another sequence over time. Of course, this depends on the time elapsed and the mutational rate of nucleotides. Identity is the ratio of the number of identical amino acids or nucleotides in a sequence to the total number of amino acids or nucleotides.
Identical Identical sequences sequences
Identical Identical sequences sequences
Identical Identical sequences sequences
Nucleotide Nucleotide alignment alignment
Nucleotide Nucleotide alignment alignment Identity % ???
Global Global alignment alignment Local Local alignment alignment
Multiple Multiple alignment alignment nucleotide nucleotide sequences sequences
Multiple Multiple alignment alignment amino amino acid acid sequences sequences
Protein Protein sequences sequences
Protein Protein sequences sequences Codon: GAT / GAC Triptofan (Trp) [W] Codon: GAA / GAG Codon: TGG
Protein Protein sequences sequences Amino acid substitution matrices PAM (position accepted mutation) Block Substitution Matrix
Amino Amino acid acid alignment alignment
Sequence Sequence alignment alignment programs programs
Sequence Sequence alignment alignment programs programs
Phylogenetic Phylogenetic Trees Trees
