Rogue Planet Encounters in the Solar System
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Rogue, or free-floating, planets may be abundant in the Galaxy. They
have been predicted to even outnumber stars.
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We performed 156 N-body simulations of rogue encounters with the
solar system with a variety of impact parameters, trajectories, and
masses from Super-Earths to Super-Jupiters.
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Roughly, 60% of encounters, slingshot the rogue planet out of the
solar system.
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50% of encounters
slingshot & did not
eject planets
10% of encounters
slingshot rogue &
eject planets, creating
more rogues.
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Soft
Capture
Soft
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Soft
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Soft
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Soft
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Soft
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High mass rogues can result in
major planetary system
destruction.
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Lower mass rogues are often
slingshot at high velocity.
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Planet 9’s orbit is consistent with
rogue capture origin.
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Often rogue encounters produce
many more rogues.
T
a
k
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H
o
m
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P
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High mass rogues can result in
major planetary system
destruction.
•
Lower mass rogues are often
slingshot at high velocity.
•
Planet 9’s orbit is consistent with
rogue capture origin.
•
Often rogue encounters produce
many more rogues.
T
a
k
e
H
o
m
e
P
o
i
n
t
s
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High mass rogues can result in
major planetary system
destruction.
•
Lower mass rogues are often
slingshot at high velocity.
•
Planet 9’s orbit is consistent with
rogue capture origin.
•
Often rogue encounters produce
many more rogues.
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k
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Greater than Jupiter mass rogues can result in
major planetary system destruction.
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Earth to Neptune mass rogues are often slingshot
at high velocity or captured.
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Planet 9’s orbit is consistent with rogue capture
origin.
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Often rogue encounters produce many more
rogues.
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Our Solar System has likely not had a rogue
encounter more massive than Neptune.
Rogue planets encountering the solar system can lead to various outcomes, including slingshotting, ejections, captures, and planetary system disruptions. Different scenarios such as soft capture, exchange, kick and stay, and potential capture of Planet-9-like configurations are explored in this study. The simulations conducted shed light on the dynamics of rogue planet encounters and their impact on planetary systems.
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Presentation Transcript
Rogue Planet Encounters Rogue Planet Encounters with the with the Solar System: Solar System: Is Planet Is Planet- -9 a Captured Rogue? 9 a Captured Rogue? James B. Vesper & Paul A. Mason New Mexico State University - DACC SDSS/FAST (Faculty and Student Team) Funded be the - Sloan Foundation
Motivation and Methods Motivation and Methods Rogue, or free-floating, planets may be abundant in the Galaxy. They have been predicted to even outnumber stars. We performed 156 N-body simulations of rogue encounters with the solar system with a variety of impact parameters, trajectories, and masses from Super-Earths to Super-Jupiters. Roughly, 60% of encounters, slingshot the rogue planet out of the solar system.
Slingshots can eject planets (usually Neptune) Slingshots can eject planets (usually Neptune) 50% of encounters slingshot & did not eject planets 10% of encounters slingshot rogue & eject planets, creating more rogues.
Soft capture Soft capture rogue captured with no disruption of solar system Soft Capture
Exchange Exchange rogue captured, planet is lost (usually Neptune)
Kick and stay Kick and stay rogue captured and 2 or more planets are lost All Planets Lost
Planet Planet- -9 a capture rogue? 9 a capture rogue? While we did not attempt to find a precise Planet While we did not attempt to find a precise Planet- -9 like configuration, we find that similar mass rogue planets can be configuration, we find that similar mass rogue planets can be captured in inclined captured in inclined prograde prograde or retrograde encounters 9 like or retrograde encounters. .
Take Home Points Take Home Points Greater than Jupiter mass rogues can result in major planetary system destruction. Earth to Neptune mass rogues are often slingshot at high velocity or captured. Planet 9 s orbit is consistent with rogue capture origin. Often rogue encounters produce many more rogues. Our Solar System has likely not had a rogue encounter more massive than Neptune.
