Protein Synthesis Process in Cells
Unit 5 –Protein Synthesis
Vocabulary
RNA
ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid
present in all living cells
It’s a single helix structure and has
the nitrogen base uracil instead of
thymine
mRNA
Messenger RNA that carries
instructions from DNA for
protein synthesis
rRNA
Ribosomal RNA which is the site of
protein synthesis
tRNA
Transfer RNA that transfer an amino acid
to the ribosome. Has the anticodon that
attaches to the codon of the mRNA
Protein Synthesis
The process that forms proteins. There are 2 steps:
transcription and translation
Transcription
The first step of protein synthesis.
The mRNA travels to the nucleus and
combines with DNA to get the
genetic code for the production of
proteins. The mRNA leaves the
nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm.
Translation
Second step of protein synthesis. mRNA
combines with rRNA in the cytoplasm. A
tRNA goes to the ribosome and the
anticodon combines with the correct
codon on the mRNA to create the correct
sequence of amino acids. This process
repeats leaving an amino acid behind
creating a peptide chain. Once a STOP
codon is read the chain is complete and a
protein has been formed.
Amino Acid
Building block of proteins
Codon
Three nitrogen base sequence found on the
mRNA
Anti-codon
a three base sequence found on the tRNA
that corresponds to the codon on a
mRNA
Explore the key terms related to protein synthesis: RNA, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, protein synthesis, transcription, translation, amino acid, codon, and anticodon. Understand the intricate process of protein formation through transcription and translation steps.
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Presentation Transcript
Unit 5 Protein Synthesis Vocabulary
RNA ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells It s a single helix structure and has the nitrogen base uracil instead of thymine
mRNA Messenger RNA that carries instructions from DNA for protein synthesis
rRNA Ribosomal RNA which is the site of protein synthesis
tRNA Transfer RNA that transfer an amino acid to the ribosome. Has the anticodon that attaches to the codon of the mRNA
Protein Synthesis The process that forms proteins. There are 2 steps: transcription and translation
Transcription The first step of protein synthesis. The mRNA travels to the nucleus and combines with DNA to get the genetic code for the production of proteins. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm.
Translation Second step of protein synthesis. mRNA combines with rRNA in the cytoplasm. A tRNA goes to the ribosome and the anticodon combines with the correct codon on the mRNA to create the correct sequence of amino acids. This process repeats leaving an amino acid behind creating a peptide chain. Once a STOP codon is read the chain is complete and a protein has been formed.
Amino Acid Building block of proteins
Codon Three nitrogen base sequence found on the mRNA
Anti-codon a three base sequence found on the tRNA that corresponds to the codon on a mRNA
