Plate Tectonics and Earth's Surface Features
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Plate tectonics
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Types of Plate boundaries
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Land forms associated with different
plate boundaries
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Tectonic plate
- a section of the Earth’s crust
which can move on the mantle.
•
Divergent boundaries
- plates move away
from each other. New crust is created from
erupting volcanoes at divergent plate
boundaries.
•
Convergent boundaries
- plates come
together. One plate is forced under another
into the mantle. The plate melts causing
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
•
Transform/transverse/passive boundaries
-
plates grind past each other and movement is
associated with earthquakes.
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Plate boundary
- the edge of a tectonic plate.
Plate tectonics is a theory that suggests the
crust of the Earth is divided into 7 giant pieces
and 12 small ones called tectonic plates.
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Rocks change shape when they are
compressed from the sides.
A fold
is a
bend in a rock that is caused by
compressional forces.
A fault
is a break
within the crust. Faulting can be caused by
forces of compression or tension.
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A fault is a crack which forms in rocks as a
result of continuous tension and
compression.
Faulting is caused by forces of
compression
or
tension.
Fault line is a line
along the surface of the Earth where a
fault occurs.
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TYPES OF FAULTS
NORMAL FAULT
- This is caused by forces of
tension.
REVERSE FAULT
- Is caused by forces of
compression.
TRANSFORM/TEAR FAULT
- Tearing forces
cause rocks to move past each other
laterally.
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An earthquake refers to an
intense trembling
of the earth’s
crust caused by vibrations.
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Volcanism refers to the movement of molten material from
one part of the crust to another.
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Causes of earthquakes and Volcanoes
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Nuclear explosions
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Impact of meteors
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Faulting, folding
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Landslide
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Mine blasts
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Volcanoes occur when magma
comes out on to Earth’s surface a
lava
. This is known as
extrusive
volcanism
.
•
Most volcanoes occur on the
tectonic plate boundaries, at the
subduction zone where one
plate is sliding beneath another
plate.
Impact of Earthquakes and Volcanoes
•
Earthquakes can
cause building and
bridges to collapse.
Tsunami can carry
boats, cars, people
and houses with
them. Large areas
may be submerged
by water.
•
Minerals are found in
volcanic rock. e.g.
Copper and diamond.
Volcanic ash fertilizes
the soil. Volcanoes
attract tourists.
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Natural hot springs
are
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Ash buries buildings
and covers fields.
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The study of plate tectonics reveals how the Earth's crust is divided into tectonic plates, leading to various types of plate boundaries like divergent, convergent, and transform. These movements result in earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landform changes such as folding and faulting. Different types of folds and faults, including normal, reverse, and transform, play a crucial role in shaping the Earth's surface. Exploring these geological processes helps us understand earthquakes, volcanoes, and the dynamic nature of our planet.
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Presentation Transcript
Geography Grade 10(CAPS) Plate Tectonics
Presentation layout Presentation layout Plate tectonics Types of Plate boundaries Land forms associated with different plate boundaries
Tectonic plate- a section of the Earths crust which can move on the mantle. Divergent boundaries- plates move away from each other. New crust is created from erupting volcanoes at divergent plate boundaries. Convergent boundaries- plates come together. One plate is forced under another into the mantle. The plate melts causing earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Transform/transverse/passive boundaries- plates grind past each other and movement is associated with earthquakes. Plate boundary- the edge of a tectonic plate. Plate tectonics is a theory that suggests the crust of the Earth is divided into 7 giant pieces and 12 small ones called tectonic plates.
Plate boundaries Plate boundaries
Folding and Faulting Folding and Faulting Rocks change shape when they are compressed from the sides. A fold is a bend in a rock that is caused by compressional forces. A fault is a break within the crust. Faulting can be caused by forces of compression or tension.
Types of Folds Types of Folds
Faulting Faulting A fault is a crack which forms in rocks as a result of continuous tension and compression. Faulting is caused by forces of compression or tension. Fault line is a line along the surface of the Earth where a fault occurs.
Cont... Cont... TYPES OF FAULTS NORMAL FAULT- This is caused by forces of tension. REVERSE FAULT- Is caused by forces of compression. TRANSFORM/TEAR FAULT- Tearing forces cause rocks to move past each other laterally.
Earthquakes and Volcanoes Earthquakes and Volcanoes An earthquake refers to an intense tremblingof the earth s crust caused by vibrations. Volcanism refers to the movement of molten material from one part of the crust to another.
Earthquakes Earthquakes
Volcanoes Volcanoes
Causes of earthquakes and Volcanoes Volcanoes occur when magma comes out on to Earth s surface a lava. This is known as extrusive volcanism. Most volcanoes occur on the tectonic plate boundaries, at the subduction zone where one plate is sliding beneath another plate. Nuclear explosions Impact of meteors Faulting, folding Landslide Mine blasts
Impact of Earthquakes and Volcanoes Minerals are found in volcanic rock. e.g. Copper and diamond. Volcanic ash fertilizes the soil. Volcanoes attract tourists. Natural hot springs are Ash buries buildings and covers fields. Earthquakes can cause building and bridges to collapse. Tsunami can carry boats, cars, people and houses with them. Large areas may be submerged by water.
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