Periodic Trends and Diatomic Elements
The Diatomics
They are elements that are found as two atoms
bonded to themselves.
They are H
2
, N
2
, O
2
, F
2
, Cl
2
, Br
2
, I
2
There are 7 of them and they are located here:
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Even More About the
Periodic Table
Periodic Trends
Atomic radius
-
one-half the distance
between the nuclei of two atoms of the
same element when the atoms are joined
In general,
atomic size increases from top
to bottom
within a group
and decreases
from left to right
across a period.
Trends in Atomic Size
Periodic Trends Notes
Cations
are always smaller than the
atoms from which they form.
Anions
are always larger than the
atoms from which they form.
Trend in Ionic Size
Periodic Trends Notes
First ionization energy tends to
decrease from top to bottom
within
a group and
increase from left to
right
across a period.
Trends in Ionization Energy
In general,
electronegativity values
decrease from top to bottom
within
a group. For representative
elements, the values tend to
increase from left to right
across a
period.
Trends in Electronegativity
The trends that exist among these properties
can be explained by variations in atomic
structure.
The increase in nuclear charge within groups
and across periods explains many trends.
Within groups an increase in
shielding
(distance from the nucleus) has a significant
effect
Summary of Trends
1
2
18
17
16
15
14
13
Atomic size DECREASES
Ionization energy INCREASES
Electronegativity INCREASES
Nuclear charge INCREASES
Shielding is constant
Atomic size INCREASES
Ionization energy DECREASES
Electronegativity DECREASES
Nuclear charge INCREASES
Shielding INCREASES
Ionic size INCREASES
Size of cations
decreases
Size of anions
decreases
Periodic Trends Notes
Dive into the world of periodic trends, atomic size variations, ionization energy, electronegativity, and diatomic elements like H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2. Discover how atomic structure influences these properties and learn about the fascinating characteristics of cations, anions, and shielding effects.
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Presentation Transcript
The Diatomics They are elements that are found as two atoms bonded to themselves. They are H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 There are 7 of them and they are located here:
Even More About the Periodic Table Periodic Trends
Trends in Atomic Size Atomic radius - one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined In general, atomic size increases from top to bottom within a group and decreases from left to right across a period.
Trend in Ionic Size Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they form. Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they form.
Trends in Ionization Energy First ionization energy tends to decrease from top to bottom within a group and increase from left to right across a period.
Trends in Electronegativity In general, electronegativity values decrease from top to bottom within a group. For representative elements, the values tend to increase from left to right across a period.
Summary of Trends The trends that exist among these properties can be explained by variations in atomic structure. The increase in nuclear charge within groups and across periods explains many trends. Within groups an increase in shielding (distance from the nucleus) has a significant effect
Atomic size DECREASES Ionization energy INCREASES Electronegativity INCREASES Nuclear charge INCREASES Shielding is constant 18 1 Ionization energy DECREASES Electronegativity DECREASES 15 16 2 14 17 13 Nuclear charge INCREASES Atomic size INCREASES Ionic size INCREASES Shielding INCREASES Size of cations decreases Size of anions decreases
