Perfect Modals in Grammar
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PERFECT
MODALS
Unit 7
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MODAL VERB + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
PERFECT MODALS: FORM
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PERFECT MODALS :
1. MUST HAVE +PAST PARTICIPLE
■
MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
: WE USE IT TO
EXPRESS A LOGICAL CONCLUSION OF A PAST
EVENT.
He MUST HAVE BEEN upset when he learned about the
murder.
IES LA PUEBLA DE ALFINDÉN
PERFECT MODALS :
2.
MAY/MIGHT HAVE +PAST PARTICIPLE
■
MAY / MIGHT HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
: WE USE THEM
TO MAKE AN ASSUMPTION OF A PAST EVENT AND TO
EXPRESS THE POSSIBILITY THAT SOMETHING WAS
TRUE.
She can’t find her phone. She MAY/MIGHT HAVE LEFT it in the
restaurant.
Her wallet is missing. Someone MAY/MIGHT HAVE STOLEN it.
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PERFECT MODALS :
3. COULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
■
COULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
: WE USE IT TO
INDICATE THAT SOMEONE HAD THE ABILITY OR
POSSIBILITY TO DO SOMETHING IN THE PAST BUT
DIDN’T DO IT AND TO EXPRESS THE POSSIBILITY THAT
SOMETHING WAS TRUE.
They COULD HAVE DISCOVERED the truth, but they didn’t try.
He COULD HAVE LOST his way.
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PERFECT MODALS :
4.SHOULD HAVE+ PAST PARTICIPLE
■
SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
: WE USE IT TO
CRITICISE SOMETHING THAT HAS ALREADY HAPPENED
OR TO REGRET THAT WHAT WAS EXPECTED DIDN’T
HAPPEN.
You SHOULD HAVE LOOKED INTO the situation.
I SHOULD HAVE GONE with you.
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PERFECT MODALS :
5.CAN’T/COULDN’T HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
■
CAN’T/COULDN’T HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
: WE USE
THEM WHEN WE FEEL SURE THAT SOMETHING WAS NOT
POSSIBLE.
You CAN’T/COULDN’T HAVE SEEN a tiger. There are no tigers in
this area.
This content delves into the use of perfect modals in English grammar, covering the forms of have + past participle, must, may/might, could, should, and can't/couldn't have in various contexts. Examples are provided to illustrate how these modal verbs express logical conclusions, assumptions, abilities, criticism, regrets, and certainty regarding past events.
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Presentation Transcript
PERFECT MODALS Unit 7 IES LA PUEBLA DE ALFIND N
PERFECT MODALS: FORM HAVE +PAST PARTICIPLE MUST MAY/MIGHT COULD SHOULD CAN T/COULDN T MODAL VERB + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE IES LA PUEBLA DE ALFIND N
PERFECT MODALS : 1. MUST HAVE +PAST PARTICIPLE MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE: WE USE IT TO EXPRESS A LOGICAL CONCLUSION OF A PAST EVENT. He MUST HAVE BEEN upset when he learned about the murder. IES LA PUEBLA DE ALFIND N
PERFECT MODALS : 2.MAY/MIGHT HAVE +PAST PARTICIPLE MAY / MIGHT HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE: WE USE THEM TO MAKE AN ASSUMPTION OF A PAST EVENT AND TO EXPRESS THE POSSIBILITY THAT SOMETHING WAS TRUE. She can t find her phone. She MAY/MIGHT HAVE LEFT it in the restaurant. Her wallet is missing. Someone MAY/MIGHT HAVE STOLEN it. IES LA PUEBLA DE ALFIND N
PERFECT MODALS : 3. COULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE COULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE: WE USE IT TO INDICATE THAT SOMEONE HAD THE ABILITY OR POSSIBILITY TO DO SOMETHING IN THE PAST BUT DIDN T DO IT AND TO EXPRESS THE POSSIBILITY THAT SOMETHING WAS TRUE. They COULD HAVE DISCOVERED the truth, but they didn t try. He COULD HAVE LOST his way. IES LA PUEBLA DE ALFIND N
PERFECT MODALS : 4.SHOULD HAVE+ PAST PARTICIPLE SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE: WE USE IT TO CRITICISE SOMETHING THAT HAS ALREADY HAPPENED OR TO REGRET THAT WHAT WAS EXPECTED DIDN T HAPPEN. You SHOULD HAVE LOOKED INTO the situation. I SHOULD HAVE GONE with you. IES LA PUEBLA DE ALFIND N
PERFECT MODALS : 5.CAN T/COULDN T HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE CAN T/COULDN T HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE: WE USE THEM WHEN WE FEEL SURE THAT SOMETHING WAS NOT POSSIBLE. You CAN T/COULDN T HAVE SEEN a tiger. There are no tigers in this area. IES LA PUEBLA DE ALFIND N
