Overview of Quit India Movement and its Phases
The Quit India Movement was a significant event in India's struggle for independence, marked by various factors leading to its emergence, including the demise of the Civil Disobedience Movement and the rise of nationalist sentiments. The movement escalated in response to the outbreak of World War II and Japanese intervention, resulting in a call for mass civil disobedience by Gandhi. The movement witnessed different phases, from urban revolts to peasant rebellions and terrorist activities, ultimately leading to a repressed but impactful resistance against colonial rule.
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QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT AS A POPULAR MOVEMENT Nimai Chand Dan Asst. Professor Department of History Prabhu Jagatbandhu College Andul, Howrah 711302
WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES TENDED TO QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT THE DEMISE OF THE CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT RESULTED IN SERIOUS DISSESION WITHIN THE CONGRESS. THE RISE OF CONGRESS SOCIALIST PARTY. IN OCT.1937 THE AICC RESOLVED TO PROVIDE MORAL AND MATERIAL SUPPORT TO THE PEOPLES MOVEMENTS IN THE STATE. THE RISE OF ALL INDIA KISAN SABHA EMERGED A NEW DIMENTION IN NATIONAL MOVEMENT.
THE OUT BREAK OF 2NDWORLD WAR AND THE JAPANEES INTERVENTION AND RAPID JAPANEES VICTORIES SINCE DEC.1941 BROUGHT WAR TO CLOSER. FAILURE OF THE CRIPPS MISSION. IN 1942 THERE WAS A REMARKABE CHANGE IN GANDHI S ATTITUDE AND HE SEEMED TOBE IN AN UNUSUALLY MILITANT MOOD THE WAR HAD ITS OBVIOUS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL LIFE OF THE INDIANS. DENIAL POLICY IN COSTAL BENGAL BY DESTROYING ALL MEANS OF COMMUNICATIONS, INCLUDING BOATS AND CYCLES, PAYING VERY LITTLE COMPENSATION.
GANDHIJIS POPULAR MOOD OF MILITANCY AND DECLRATION TO THE RAJ LEAVE INDIA TO GOD, I WOOD RISK IT NEHRU AND RAJAGOPALACHARI, AND PREPARED THE PARTY FOR THE FINAL STRUGGLE, THE BIGEST FIGHT IN MY LIFE . THE QUIT INDIA RESOLUTION, ADOPTED BY THE AICC IN BOMBAY ON AUGUST 1942,PROPOSED TOBEGIN THIS MASS CIVIL DISOBEDIANCE UNDER GANDI S DIRECTION. GANDHI DELIVERED HIS FAMOUS DO OR DIE SPEECH, ARGUING THAT THIS WAS THE FINAL BATTLE A FIGHT TO THE FINISH - AND SO THE INDIANS MUST WIN INDEPENDENCE OR GIVE UP THEIR LIVES FOR IT. ALL FRONT RANKING LEADERS INCLUDING GANDHI, WERE ARRESTED IN THE EARLY MORNING OF 9 AUGUST AND THIS WAS FOLLOWED BY UNPRECEDENTED MASS FURY THAT GOES BY THE NAME OF AUGUST MOVEMENT IN NATIONALIST LEGENDS.
DIFFERENT PHASES OF QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT SUMIT SARKAR HAS IDENTIFIED THREE PHASES OF THE QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT. IST PHASE-INITIALLY STARTED AS AN URBAN REVOLT, MARKED BY STRIKES, BOYCOTT AND PICKETING, WHICH WERE QUICKLY SUPPRESSED. IIND PHASE- IN THE MIDDLE OF AUGUST THE FOCUS SHIFTED TO THE COUNTRYSIDE,WHICH WITNESSED A MAJOR PEASEREBELLION,MARKED BY DESTRUCTION OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, SUCH AS RAILWAY TRACKS AND STATIONS, TELEGRAPH WIRES AND POLES,ATTACKS ON GOVT. BUILDINGS OR ANY VISSIBLE SYMBOL OF COLONIAL AUTHORITY AND FINALY , THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS IN ISOLATED POCKETS. IIIRD PHASE- WHICH WAS CHARACTERISED BY TERRORIST ACTIVITIES. JAYAPRAKASH NARAYAN,ARUNA ASAF ALI,SUCHETA KRIPALANI AND OTHERS EMPHASISING NON-VIOLENT ACTION AND CONSTRUCTIVE PROGRAMME
GOVERNMENT REPRESSED THE MOVEMENT IN THE QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT THERE WAS USE OF VIOLENCE AT AN UNPRECEDENTED SCALE AND THE GOVT. USED IT AS A JUSTIFICATION FOR REPRESSION. THE WAR TIME EMERGENCY POWERS WERE TAKEN ADVANTAGE OF TO USETHE ARMY FOR THE FIRST TIME- AS MANY AS FIFTY-SEVEN BATTELLIONS OF BRITISH TROOPS WERE DEPLOYED TO CRUSH WHAT WAS ESSENTIALLY A CIVILIAN AGITATION.
QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT VARIED FROM REGION TO REGION THE MOVEMENT WOULD EVENTUALLY APPEAR TO HAVE BEEN MOST POWERFUL IN BIHAR,EASTERN UP,BENGAL,ORISSA,MAHARASTRA. PARALLEL GOVERNMENT EMERGED OUT IN MIDNAPORE TAMRALIPTA JATIYA SARKAR,TALCHER OF ORISSA ESTABLISHED A CHASI-MULIA RAJ , SATARA PATI SARKAR IN MAHARASTRA, AZAD GOVERNMENT IN AHMEDABAD BIDYUT BAHINI,BHAGINI SENA AND BIPLABI A MOUTHPIECE IN MIDNAPUR,KISAN SANGHA AND THE PRAJA MANDALS IN ORISSA,SEBA DAL, TUFAN DALS, NAYADAN MANDALS IN MAHARASTRA,PLAYED A VITAL ROLE IN THEIR SPHERE.
OPPOSED THE MOVEMENT RAJAGOPALACHARI OPPOSED THE MOVEMENT,ABSENCE OF THE SOCIALIST, OPPOSITION OF THE KERALA COMMUNISTS, INDIFFERENCE OF THE NON-BRAHMANS,MUSLIMS STOOD ALOOF FROM THE CAMPAIGN ALMOST IN ALL REGIONS,HINDU MAHASABHA CONDEMNED THE MOVEMENT AS STERILE, UNMANLY AND INJURIOUS TO THE HINDU CAUSE , V.D.SAVARKAR, B.S. MUNJE AND SHYAMA PRASAD MUKHARJEE WHOLEHEARTEDLY SUPPORTED BRITISH WAR EFFORTS THAT WERE ALLEGEDLY BEING WRECKED BY THE CONGRESS CAMPAIGN,THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA DID NOT SUPPORT BECAUSE OF THEIR PEOPLES WAR STRATEGY.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT VICEROY LINLITHGOW DESCRIBED IT AS BY FAR THE MOST SERIOUS REBELLION SINCE 1857 HUTCHINS CHARACTERISEDAS A SPONTANEOUS REVOLUTION ,AS NO PRECONCEIVED PLAN COULD HAVE PRODUCED SUCH INSTANTANEOUS AN UNIFORM RESULTS . MORE RADICAL AND POPULAR MASS MOVEMENT. AITUC,CSP,AIKS AND THE FORWARD BLOCK PLAYED A VITAL ROLE IN QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT.
