The Quit India Movement 1942-1945: An August Movement
QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT
1942 - 1945
AN AUGUST MOVEMENT
DO OR DIE MOVEMENT
mass protest on nonviolent lines
an orderly British withdrawal from India
July 1942 Congress Working Committee :Wardha
Wardha resolution : Quit India Resolution
“British Rule in India must end immediately”
All India Congress Committee at Bombay on
August 7, 1942
nonviolent mass struggle under the
leadership of Gandhi
Launching of the Movement
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
“Every Indian who desires freedom and strives for it must
be his own guide urging him or her on a long hard road
where there is no resting place and which leads ultimately
to the in. Every one of you should from this moment
onwards consider yourself freeman or woman and act as
if you were free… I am not going to be satisfied wish
anything short of freedom. You should do or die. We shall
either free India or die in the attempt dependence of India”
causes
Involvement of india in second world war
Cripps’ Mission March 1942
“post dated
cheque drawn on a crashing ban
k”
Resolution for immediate independence
Spread of the movement
mohandas karamchand gandhi
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Subhas chandra bose
Mohammed ali jinnah
Asoka Mehta
Jaya Prakas Narayan
Jawaharlal nehru
Vallabhbhai Patel
Rajendra Prasad
Rajgopalachari
Anugrah narayan sinha
Phases of quit india movement
In the first phase of the Quit India Movement, there
were processions, strikes and demonstrations
The second phase of the movement saw raids in the
government buildings and municipal houses. Along with
this, post offices, railway stations and police stations
were set on fire
The third phase of Quit India movement began in
September 1942. Mobs bombed police in places like
Bombay, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh
Gradually, the movement gained back its peaceful form
and continued till Mahatma Gandhi was released on May,
1944. This was the fourth phase of the movement
Spread of the movement
Spread: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Bengal,
Bombay, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh
Centres: Satara of Maharashtra, Tamluk,
Contai of Midnapore, Balurghat of West
Dinajpur, Balia, Ajamgarh of Uttar
Pradesh, Naogaon of Assam
Places such as Ballia, Tamluk, Satara,
Dharwar, Balasore and Talcher were Freed
from british and native governments were
formed
Features of quit india movement
British Banned congress and arrested leaders
NON VILOLENCE strikes, demonstrations, processions
people attacked all symbols of the British government
BOMBING OF GOVernment PLACES
Establishment of independent governments
Respond of British was terrible : military Brutality
1943: 90000 imprisoned and 1000 killed
When the peasants concentrated their offence
on symbols of authority, there was the
complete absence of anti-zamindar violence
The Quit India Movement had initially been
active in the urban areas, but soon it was
the populace of the countryside, which kept
the banner of revolt aloft for a longer time
The participation was on many levels,
school and college students remained in
the forefront, women actively
participated, and workers went on strikes
The Muslim League kept aloof, and the Hindu
Mahasabha condemned the Movement
The Indian Princes and the landlords were
supporting the War effort and therefore
did not sympathise with the movement
Some Congress leaders like
Rajagopalachari also did not participate
The trend of underground revolutionary
activity also started during this phase
Importance of quit India movement
it kept the Congress united
massive set of disturbance across the length and breadth
of India
British realised it would not be able to continue governing
India for long and therefore started thinking of ways to
exit India in a peaceful and respectable manner
The movement got support from a vast variety of people;
Students, teachers, labourers, business people, villagers,
government officials, policemen, ladies - all took part in it
Uniting India: gradual and slow transition from miniscale
minority of freedom seekers to mass organization of
freedom seekers
Jai Prakash Narayan escaped from
Hazaribagh Jail and organised an
underground movement
During the Quit India movement, there were
no any communal clashes
During the movement, their repression was
severe on for the people
There was some public party of India, who
did not support the Quit India movement 1942
The most important feature of the
movement was : Russia was attacked by
Nazi Germany, so the communist
supported British war against Germany
and the ‘Imperialist war’ changed into
‘peoples war’ to them
In the novel, “Jagari” of Satinath
Bhaduri has described the negative role
of CPI, and other political parties
adopted the different attitude towards
the movement
Impact of quit India movement
The ban on Congress was lifted and the
leaders were released. The Cabinet
Mission's constitutional proposal was
accepted by the Congress in good faith.
This led to the holding of general
elections and the formation of the
Interim Government at the centre
consisting of leaders of all major
political parties and Congress
government in Madras (Chennai)
Impact of quit India movement
However communal squabbles, war
economic crisis, activities of the
Razakars against Hindus, R.S.S. against
Muslims, and Dravida Kazhakam against
Brahmins, produced an uneasy political
situation here. More important of the
ills that upset the country just before
the dawn of independence was the
anarchical predatory activities of the
Communist Party which organized violent
strikes and armed uprisings in many
parts of South India
Impact of quit India movement
In order to curb the danger of the
Communist onslaught, the Congress
Government of Madras (Chennai) had to
enact the Maintenance of Public Order Act
of 1947 which provided for preventive
detention, imposition of collective fines and
censorship, control on meetings,
processions, camps, drill sand parades,
requisitioning of property and control of
essential services. Hundreds of Communists
were sent to jails on the strength of this
Act. Thus strangely enough, the dawn of
independence saw the severe imposition of
restraints on individual freedom against
which Congress fought for several decades
The Quit India Movement, also known as the August Movement or Do or Die Movement, was a mass protest on nonviolent lines in India from 1942 to 1945. Initiated by the Indian National Congress, it called for an immediate end to British rule in India. Led by leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, the movement aimed for an orderly British withdrawal and saw various phases of protests, strikes, and demonstrations across different regions. It led to the spread of the movement to various parts of India and played a significant role in the country's struggle for independence.
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QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT 1942 - 1945 AN AUGUST MOVEMENT DO OR DIE MOVEMENT
mass protest on nonviolent lines an orderly British withdrawal from India July 1942 Congress Working Committee :Wardha Wardha resolution : Quit India Resolution British rule in india must end immediately All India Congress Committee at Bombay on August 7, 1942 nonviolent mass struggle under the leadership of Gandhi
Launching of the Movement Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Every Indian who desires freedom and strives for it must be his own guide urging him or her on a long hard road where there is no resting place and which leads ultimately to the in. Every one of you should from this moment onwards consider yourself freeman or woman and act as if you were free I am not going to be satisfied wish anything short of freedom. You should do or die. We shall either free India or die in the attempt dependence of India
causes Involvement of india in second world war Cripps mission marCh 1942 post dated cheque drawn on a crashing bank Resolution for immediate independence
Spread of the movement mohandas karamchand gandhi Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Subhas chandra bose Mohammed ali jinnah Asoka Mehta Jaya Prakas Narayan Jawaharlal nehru Vallabhbhai Patel Rajendra Prasad Rajgopalachari Anugrah narayan sinha
Phases of quit india movement In the first phase of the Quit India Movement, there were processions, strikes and demonstrations The second phase of the movement saw raids in the government buildings and municipal houses. Along with this, post offices, railway stations and police stations were set on fire The third phase of Quit India movement began in September 1942. Mobs bombed police in places like Bombay, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh Gradually, the movement gained back its peaceful form and continued till Mahatma Gandhi was released on May, 1944. This was the fourth phase of the movement
Spread of the movement Spread: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Bengal, Bombay, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh Centres: Satara of Maharashtra, Tamluk, Contai of Midnapore, Balurghat of West Dinajpur, Balia, Ajamgarh of Uttar Pradesh, Naogaon of Assam Places such as Ballia, Tamluk, Satara, Dharwar, Balasore and Talcher were Freed from british and native governments were formed
Features of quit india movement British Banned congress and arrested leaders NON VILOLENCE strikes, demonstrations, processions people attacked all symbols of the British government BOMBING OF GOVernment PLACES Establishment of independent governments Respond of British was terrible : military Brutality 1943: 90000 imprisoned and 1000 killed
When the peasants concentrated their offence on symbols of authority, there was the complete absence of anti-zamindar violence The Quit India Movement had initially been active in the urban areas, but soon it was the populace of the countryside, which kept the banner of revolt aloft for a longer time The participation was on many levels, school and college students remained in the forefront, women actively participated, and workers went on strikes
The Muslim League kept aloof, and the Hindu Mahasabha condemned the Movement The Indian Princes and the landlords were supporting the War effort and therefore did not sympathise with the movement Some Congress leaders like Rajagopalachari also did not participate The trend of underground revolutionary activity also started during this phase
Importance of quit India movement it kept the Congress united massive set of disturbance across the length and breadth of India British realised it would not be able to continue governing India for long and therefore started thinking of ways to exit India in a peaceful and respectable manner The movement got support from a vast variety of people; Students, teachers, labourers, business people, villagers, government officials, policemen, ladies - all took part in it Uniting India: gradual and slow transition from miniscale minority of freedom seekers to mass organization of freedom seekers
Jai Prakash Narayan escaped from Hazaribagh Jail and organised an underground movement During the Quit India movement, there were no any communal clashes During the movement, their repression was severe on for the people There was some public party of India, who did not support the Quit India movement 1942
The most important feature of the movement was : Russia was attacked by Nazi Germany, so the communist supported British war against Germany and the imperialist war Changed into peoples war to them in the novel, Jagari of Satinath Bhaduri has described the negative role of CPI, and other political parties adopted the different attitude towards the movement
Impact of quit India movement The ban on Congress was lifted and the leaders were released. The Cabinet Mission's constitutional proposal was accepted by the Congress in good faith. This led to the holding of general elections and the formation of the Interim Government at the centre consisting of leaders of all major political parties and Congress government in Madras (Chennai)
Impact of quit India movement However communal squabbles, war economic crisis, activities of the Razakars against Hindus, R.S.S. against Muslims, and Dravida Kazhakam against Brahmins, produced an uneasy political situation here. More important of the ills that upset the country just before the dawn of independence was the anarchical predatory activities of the Communist Party which organized violent strikes and armed uprisings in many parts of South India
Impact of quit India movement In order to curb the danger of the Communist onslaught, the Congress Government of Madras (Chennai) had to enact the Maintenance of Public Order Act of 1947 which provided for preventive detention, imposition of collective fines and censorship, control on meetings, processions, camps, drill sand parades, requisitioning of property and control of essential services. Hundreds of Communists were sent to jails on the strength of this Act. Thus strangely enough, the dawn of independence saw the severe imposition of restraints on individual freedom against which Congress fought for several decades
