Overview of Furan: Preparation, Properties, and Reactions
Furan, a heterocyclic compound, is prepared by distillation of mucic acid or decarbonylation of furfural. It exhibits aromatic character, undergoing addition and substitution reactions like hydrogenation, Diels-Alder reaction, halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, and Friedel-Crafts reaction. Known for its diverse chemistry in both organic and physical aspects.
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FURAN Class: II B. Sc., Zoology Sub: Organic and Physical Chemistry Sub Code: 17UCHA41 Dr. S. SIVAKUMAR Assistant Professor PG Department of Chemistry Hajee Karutha Rowther Howdia College, Uthamapalayam - 625 533.
Preparation of Furan Preparation Furan is prepared by the dry distillation of mucic acid and heating the product (furoic acid).
Preparation of Furan Manufacture Furan is prepared on a large scale by the catalytic decarbonylation of furfural in steam in the presence of calcium oxide catalyst.
Properties of Furan Furan behaves both as a diene and as an aromatic compound. However, the aromatic character dominates. Thus, furan undergoes addition and substitution reactions.
Properties of Furan 1. Addition reactions i) Hydrogenation Furan is catalytically reduced to tetrahydrofuran (THF).
Properties of Furan ii) Diels Alder reaction Furan behaves as a diene and undergoes Diels Alder reaction with maleic anhydride.
Properties of Furan 2. Substitution reactions i) Halogenation 2 Bromo furan is obtained when furan is treated with bromine in dioxin at 00C.
Properties of Furan ii) Nitration Furan undergo nitration to form 2-Nitro furan
Properties of Furan iii) Sulphonation Furan undergo sulphonation with sulphur trioxide in pyridine at 700C to get Furan-2 sulphonic acid.
Properties of Furan iv) Friedel Crafts reaction Furan can be acetylated with acetic anhydride in the presence of BF3in ether solution at 00C.
Properties of Furan v) Formation of organolithium compounds Furan reacts with butyl lithium to form 2 furan lithium
Properties of Furan 3. Gattermann Koch reaction Furan when treated with a mixture of hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen chloride in the presence of anhydrous ZnCl2yields furfural.
