Muscle, Bone, and Joint Injuries: Care and Treatment
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Muscle, Bone and Joint
Injuries
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Have you ever suffered a fracture or
dislocation?
What was the mechanism of injury?
(How did the injury happen?)
How was it cared for?
Students will be able to:
Students will be able to:
Identify various musculoskeletal
injuries.
Identify signals of head, neck and
back injuries.
Demonstrate how to care for head,
neck and back injuries.
Demonstrate how to care for
musculoskeletal injuries.
Categories
Fracture
Sprain
Dislocation
Strain
Terminology
Sprain
– stretch or tear
of a ligament
What does a
ligament
connect?
Terminology
Strain
– stretch or tear
of a muscle or
tendon
Treatment for Strains & Sprains
RICE
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Why Rice?
REST
- Avoids further
damage
- Length of rest
varies
ICE
-Slows down swelling
- Decreases local
blood flow
- Decreases pain
•
Compression
-
Helps
control
swelling
-Provides Support
•
Elevation
-
limits swelling
- Encourages venous
return
Terminology
Fracture
break or
disruption of
bone
Terminology
Dislocation
Disruption of
joint where it
becomes
“Out of place”
Treatment for Fractures & Dislocations
Splint
– a method of
immobilizing
an injury
Splinting Methods
Soft Splinting
◦
Use soft
materials
Blanket, towel,
pillow, jacket,
etc
Splinting Methods
Rigid Splinting
◦
Use hard
materials
◦
Boards,
magazines,
newspaper,
cardboard, tree
limbs, etc
Splinting Methods
Anatomical
Splinting
Use victim’s
body or body
part
◦
Arm to chest
◦
Leg to leg
Splinting Methods
Sling & Swath
◦
Use triangular
bandages
◦
Use on upper
extremity
◦
Sling on injured
arm
◦
Swath across
chest
Cravat
– triangular
bandage used
to make a sling
Care for Muscle, Bone & Joint
Injuries
Check for signs
of circulation
(feeling warmth
and color) after
splint is applied
Splint should be
snug but not cut
off circulation
◦
Splint body part in
position you find it
◦
Immobilize body parts
above and below
injury site
Signs of Circulation
Check for
◦
Pulse
◦
Feeling
◦
Warmth of
skin
◦
Color of skin
◦
Capillary refill
Determining the Severity
Sign
Any observable
evidence of an
injury
Deformity
Bruising or swelling
Inability to use the
affected part
normally
Bilateral Comparison
Mechanism of injury
Determining the Severity
Symptom
What the victim tells
you about his or her
condition
Feels bone grating
Heard or felt a “pop”
or “snap” at time of
injury
Pain Scale (1-10)
Numbness or tingling
in extremity
What causes Head, Neck &
Back Injuries?
Motor vehicle
accidents
Bike or motorcycle
accidents (with or
without helmets)
Fall from a height
Direct blow
Twisting mechanism
Landing head first
(diving into
shallow pool)
Lifting objects
Falls, slips
Acts of violence
Sports Injuries
S & S of Head, Neck & Back
S & S of Head, Neck & Back
Injuries
Injuries
Change in
consciousness
Numbness or tingling
into hands or feet
Loss of movement in
arms or legs
Breathing difficulty
Vision problems
Headache
Loss of balance
Blood from nose or
ears or bleeding from
head, neck or back
Unusual bumps or
depressions on head,
neck or back
Mechanism of injury
leads you to believe
there is head, neck or
back injury
Neck or back pain
Care for Head, Neck & Back Injuries
Call 911
Minimize movement of victim (keep
victim from moving by using your
hands)
Monitor ABCs
Keep victim from becoming chilled or
overheated
Be prepared to use lifesaving skills
Methods in care for HNB injuries
Minimize movement
of victim
Place hands on both
sides of head
Hold persons head
in line with spine
Support in position
you found it
Minor vs. Severe Care
Minor
-RICE: Rest, Ice
Compression &
Elevation
Severe
- H-N-B Injury
Splint if:
◦
You are not using EMS
to move victim
◦
You can do it without
causing more pain
Videos
Sling & Swath - 3:22 -
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49VBb
HaXr8A
SAM splint - ankle - 2:41 -
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQj5x
COukZo&feature=related
Arm/wrist - 3:15 -
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ot7c3
syPtr4&feature=related
Let’s start Splinting!
Use Triangular
Bandages
Sam Splint on
ankle
Magazine on wrist
Sling & Swath
Explore musculoskeletal injuries, head and back injury signals, and proper care techniques. Learn about ligaments, sprains, strains, fractures, dislocations, and RICE treatment for strains and sprains. Discover why RICE method is beneficial and methods for splinting fractures and dislocations.
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Presentation Transcript
Muscle, Bone and Joint Injuries
MUSCLE, BONE AND JOINT INJURIES Have you ever suffered a fracture or dislocation? What was the mechanism of injury? (How did the injury happen?) How was it cared for?
Students will be able to: Identify various musculoskeletal injuries. Identify signals of head, neck and back injuries. Demonstrate how to care for head, neck and back injuries. Demonstrate how to care for musculoskeletal injuries.
Sprain stretch or tear of a ligament What does a ligament connect? Terminology
Strain stretch or tear of a muscle or tendon Terminology
RICE Rest Ice Compression Elevation Treatment for Strains & Sprains
Why Rice? REST - Avoids further damage - Length of rest varies Compression -Helps control swelling -Provides Support Elevation -limits swelling - Encourages venous return ICE -Slows down swelling - Decreases local blood flow - Decreases pain
Fracture break or disruption of bone Terminology
Dislocation Disruption of joint where it becomes Out of place Terminology
Splint a method of immobilizing an injury Treatment for Fractures & Dislocations
Splinting Methods Soft Splinting Use soft materials Blanket, towel, pillow, jacket, etc
Splinting Methods Rigid Splinting Use hard materials Boards, magazines, newspaper, cardboard, tree limbs, etc
Splinting Methods Anatomical Splinting Use victim s body or body part Arm to chest Leg to leg
Splinting Methods Sling & Swath Use triangular bandages Use on upper extremity Sling on injured arm Swath across chest
Cravat triangular bandage used to make a sling
Care for Muscle, Bone & Joint Injuries Check for signs of circulation (feeling warmth and color) after splint is applied Splint should be snug but not cut off circulation Splint body part in position you find it Immobilize body parts above and below injury site
Check for Pulse Feeling Warmth of skin Color of skin Capillary refill Signs of Circulation
Sign Any observable evidence of an injury Deformity Bruising or swelling Inability to use the affected part normally Bilateral Comparison Mechanism of injury Determining the Severity
Determining the Severity Symptom What the victim tells you about his or her condition Feels bone grating Heard or felt a pop or snap at time of injury Pain Scale (1-10) Numbness or tingling in extremity
What causes Head, Neck & Back Injuries? Motor vehicle accidents Landing head first (diving into shallow pool) Bike or motorcycle accidents (with or without helmets) Lifting objects Falls, slips Fall from a height Acts of violence Direct blow Sports Injuries Twisting mechanism
S & S of Head, Neck & Back Injuries Change in consciousness Numbness or tingling into hands or feet Loss of movement in arms or legs Breathing difficulty Vision problems Headache Loss of balance Blood from nose or ears or bleeding from head, neck or back Unusual bumps or depressions on head, neck or back Mechanism of injury leads you to believe there is head, neck or back injury Neck or back pain
Call 911 Minimize movement of victim (keep victim from moving by using your hands) Monitor ABCs Keep victim from becoming chilled or overheated Be prepared to use lifesaving skills Care for Head, Neck & Back Injuries
Minimize movement of victim Place hands on both sides of head Hold persons head in line with spine Support in position you found it Methods in care for HNB injuries
Minor-RICE: Rest, Ice Compression & Elevation Severe- H-N-B Injury Splint if: You are not using EMS to move victim You can do it without causing more pain Minor vs. Severe Care
Videos Sling & Swath - 3:22 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49VBb HaXr8A SAM splint - ankle - 2:41 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQj5x COukZo&feature=related Arm/wrist - 3:15 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ot7c3 syPtr4&feature=related
Lets start Splinting! Use Triangular Bandages Sam Splint on ankle Magazine on wrist Sling & Swath
