Multiplication Techniques for Elementary Students
In this learning material for Grade IV students, concepts of multiplication are explored through engaging examples and practical applications. Concepts covered include multiplying 3-digit and 4-digit numbers, understanding properties of multiplication, and solving word problems based on multiplication. The material also introduces terms like multiplicand, multiplier, and product, providing a comprehensive understanding of basic multiplication techniques.
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LEARNING MATERIAL LEARNING MATERIAL STD STD - -IV MULTIPLICATION MULTIPLICATION IV Prepared By: Prepared By: Himansu Himansu Sekhar Baisakhi Baisakhi Sahoo ADANI DAV ADANI DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL PUBLIC SCHOOL KUAMARA, BHADRAK KUAMARA, BHADRAK ODISHA ZONE ODISHA ZONE- -1 1 Sekhar Fatesingh Fatesingh Sahoo
OBJECTIVES Understanding multiplication Multiplying a 3- digit number with a 3- digit number. Multiplying a 4-digit number by a 3-digit number Understanding properties of multiplication. Multiplying numbers by multiples of 10,100,1000 Solving of word problems based on multiplication
INTRODUCING MULTIPLICATION Multiplication is a quick way to add equal numbers. Ex. 3+3+3+3+3 = 15 We can write it as 5 times 3 OR 5 X 3 = 15
4 times 2 OR 4 x 2 = 8 Multiplication is also known as repeated addition
DO YOU KNOW MULTIPLICAND: The number to be multiplied. MULTIPLIER: The number by which we multiply. PRODUCT : The answer we get after multiplication. 8 MULTIPLICAND 4 MULTIPLIER PRODUCT 32
LETS RECALL FOM STD III Example-1: In a box contains 25 toffees, how many toffees are in 28 such boxes ?
ANSWER: Number of toffees in one box = 25 Number of boxes = 28 Number of toffees in 28 boxes = 25 28 H T 2 2 0 0 0 O 5 8 0 0 0 2 + 5 7 So, 28 boxes contains 700 toffees
Example-2: In an orchard, mango trees are planted in rows. There are 118 trees in one row and there are 24 such rows. How many mango trees are there in the orchard?
ANSWER: Number of mango trees in one row = 118 Number of rows Total number of mango trees = 118 24 = 24 TH H 1 T 1 2 7 6 3 O 8 4 2 0 2 4 3 8 +2 2 Hence, there are 2832 mago trees in the orchard.
Multiplying a 3- digit number by a 3-digit number
Multiply 958 by 876 876 ( the multiplier) can be written as : L T Th TH H 9 8 7 0 4 T 5 7 4 6 0 O 8 6 8 0 0 876 = 800 +70 +6 5 7 6 Step 1: Find 958 6 Step 2: Find 958 70 + +7 6 6 Step 3: Find 958 800 Step 4: Product of Step1 + Product of Step 2 + Product of Step 3 8 3 9 2 0 8
Multiplying a 4-digit number by a 3-digit number
Example: Multiply 2,135 by 327 327 ( the multiplier) can be written as : L T Th TH 2 4 2 0 H 1 3 9 7 5 T 3 2 4 0 0 O 5 7 5 0 0 327 = 300 +20 +7 Step 1: Find 2,135 7 1 4 4 Step 2: Find 2,135 20 + + 6 Step 3: Find 2,135 300 Step 4: Product of Step1 + Product of Step 2 + Product of Step 3 6 9 8 1 4 5
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES OF OF MULTIPLICATION MULTIPLICATION
PROPERTY 1 If you change the order of the numbers , the product remains the same. Ex. 6x4 = 24 4x6 = 24 It is also known as commutative property
PROPERTY 2 MULTIPLICATION OF THREE NUMBERS In order to multiply three numbers first we multiply two of them and then, multiply the product obtained by the third number. Examples: 5 7 3 = 35 3 = 105 2 8 5 = 16 5 = 80
PROPERTY 3 MULTIPLICATION OF THREE NUMBERS If three numbers are multiplied in any order, the product remains the same. Examples: i) 1 9 5 = 5 9 1 = 45 ii) 3 9 4 = 4 9 3 = 108
PROPERTY - 4 The product of a number and 1 is the number itself. Ex. 23 x 1 = 23 123 x 1 = 123 It is also known as identity property of multiplication.
PROPERTY 5 The product of any number and zero is 0. Ex. 56 x 0 = 0 143 x 0 = 0 It is also known as zero property of multiplication.
MULTIPLICATION (ORALLY) Let us see the following multiplications. 36 100 = 3600 3 60 = 180 4 700 = 2800 5 8000 = 40,000 42 3000 = 126,000 36 1 = 36 with two zeroes on right side. 3 6 = 18 with one zero on right side. 4 7 = 28 with two zeroes on right side. 5 8 = 40 with three zeroes on right side. 42 3 = 126 with three zeroes on right side. Remember: In order to multiply a number by 100, 200 .. 900, we multiply the number by 1,2 . 9 respectively and put two zeroes on the right of the product.
ACTIVITY (Slanting line Method) ACTIVITY (Slanting line Method) VIDEO LINK: https://youtu.be/T0-s7pfEU18 (EXPLANATION BY TEACHER)
Word Problems Example-1: In a library, there are 1,250 books in each almirah. There are 62 almirahs in the library. Find the total number of books in the library.
Solution: Number of books in each almirah = 1250 Number of almirahs = 62 Total number of books in 62 almirahs = 1250 62 1 2 5 0 5 5 6 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 5 7 + 7 7 Thus, the number of books in 62 almirahs is 77,500.
Word Problems Example-2: One dozen bananas cost 36. What is the cost of 720 dozen bananas ?
Solution: Cost of one dozen banana Number of dozen of bananas Cost of 720 dozen bananas = 720 36 = 36 = 720 7 3 6 9 2 3 2 0 2 0 6 0 0 0 4 1 5 + 2 2 The cost of 720 dozen bananas is Rs25,920.
WORKSHEET (BASIC) Choose the correct option : 1. 398 X _______ = 398 a. 1 b. 0 c.398 d. 2 2. 25 X ______ = 25,000 a. 100 b.10 c.1000 d.0 3. 578 X 495 = ______ X 578 a. 0 b. 1 c.578 d.495 4. _______ X 789 = 789 a. 0 b. 789 c. 1 d.987 5. 90 X _______ = 0 a. 1 b. 0 c.90 d.10 Fill in the blanks : 6 . 7,650 X _______ = 43 X 7,650 7. 907 X 0 = _______ 8. 13. _______ X 1 = 567 9. 55 X 7 = ________ 10. 72 X 100 = _______
WORKSHEET(BASIC) Short answer type questions: 11. Multiply 431by 132. 12. Find the product of 502 and 340. 13. Multiply 713 by 50. Long answer type questions: 14. There are 350 chocolates in a packet. How many chocolates are there in 210 packets? 15. There are 1000 pages in a book. How many pages are there in 25 such books?
WORKSHEET(STANDARD) Choose the correct option : 1. If 516 X 73 = 37,668 ; then 73 X 516 = ________ a. 516 b. 73 c.37,668 d. 36,778 2. 7 X 3 X 5 X 0 X 9 = __________ a. 0 b. 945 c. 435 d.73,509 3. 42 X 3,000 =_______________ a.1,260 b. 12,600 c. 1,26,000 d.12,60,000 4. ______ X 1 = 678 a.678 b.876 c.768 d.786 5. 96 X 5 X 20 = ________ a.96520 b. 9600 c.96000 d.960 Fill in the blanks : 6. 11 X 46 X ______ = ______X 52 X 11 7. ______ X 100 = 52,000 8. 75 X _________ = 75,000 9. 5,456 X _______ =0 10. 5 thousands X _____ = 50 thousands
WORKSHEET(STANDARD) Short answer type questions: 11. Multiply 957 by 319. 12. Find the product of 5,271 and 348. 13. Find the product of the greatest 3-digit number and the smallest 4-digit number. Long answer type questions: 14. There are 2,250 books in an almirah. How many books are there in 78 such almirahs? 15. What is the product of the successor of 290 and predecessor of 764?
WORKSHEET( ADVANCE) 1. Find the product of 19,145 and 152. 2. Twice of a certain number is 24.what is the six times of the number? 3. Given that 270 X 16 =4,320, find the product of a)270X 15 b) 270X 17 4. How many minutes are there in the month of April? 5. Find the missing digit. 52____ X 11= 5,808.
Lets have a quick review Application of Multiplication (word problems) Of a 3 digit number with a 3 digit number 111 x 111 = 12321 25 x 3 = 3 x 25 Multiplication Properties 25 x 0 = 0 Of a 3 digit number with a 4 digit number 1111 x 256 = 2,84,416 With multiples of 10, 100, 1000, etc. 5 X 10= 50 5 X100= 500 5 X 1000=5000 25 x 1 = 25 2 x3x 4= 4 x 2 x3
PROJECT Make a multiplication coding sheet with your favorite cartoon character name hidden inside it and ask your friend to break the code and get the name. (Refer to activity BREAK THE CODE )
