Mastering Comma Usage in Writing
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Commas with Items in a Series and
Coordinate Modifiers
Items in a Series
•
Use a comma to set off items (words, phrases, or short
clauses) in a series.
•
Words
•
The plot has mystery, murder, and mayhem.
•
Phrases
•
We have a social responsibility to keep abreast of current
issues, to work for reform, to communicate effectively, and to
serve as role models.
•
Clauses
•
Marcy ordered the food, Hattie paid the cashier, and Marvin
gassed up the car.
Items in a Series cont.
•
In journalistic writing, the comma that separates
the last two items is usually omitted. To avoid
ambiguity, always use a comma before the
coordinating conjunction.
•
AMBIGUOUS: The party was made special by the
company, the light from the hundreds of twinkling
candles and the excellent hors d’oeuvres.
•
CLEAR: The party was made special by the company, the
light from the hundreds of twinkling candles, and the
excellent hors d’oeuvres.
Items in a Series cont. 2
•
Do not use a comma to introduce or to close a
series.
•
INCORRECT: Three important criteria are, fat content,
salt content, and taste.
•
CORRECT: Three important criteria are fat content, salt
content, and taste.
Coordinating Conjunctions or
Compound Elements
•
Do not use commas that separate items connected
by coordinating conjunctions or compound
elements consisting of only two items.
•
INCORRECT: Kenya, and Sierra Leone are former British
colonies.
•
CORRECT: Kenya and Sierra Leone are former British
colonies.
•
CORRECT: We are working to change the image and
myths about old age.
•
CORRECT: To lose weight, Felipe ran and swam and
cycled everyday for a month.
Coordinate Adjectives
•
Use a comma between two or more coordinate
adjectives. If the coordinate adjectives can be reversed
and if you can insert and between the adjectives
without changing the meaning of the sentence, use a
comma.
•
The fruit was crisp, tart, mellow – in short, good
enough to eat.
•
The adjectives “crisp,” “tart,” and “mellow” can be
interchanged, and “and” falls naturally between the words.
•
The fruit was tart, crisp, and mellow…
•
The fruits was crisp and tart and mellow…
Coordinate Adjectives cont.
•
Ten red balloons fell from the ceiling.
•
“Ten” and “red” can’t be reversed, and “and” does not
fall naturally between these two adjectives.
•
INCORRECT: Red ten balloons fell from the ceiling.
•
INCORRECT: Ten and red balloons fell from the
ceiling.
•
The word “ten” modifies the word group red balloons.
Coordinate Adjectives cont. 2
•
Never use a comma to separate the last adjective
from the noun.
That’s all, folks!
•
This lesson is part of the UWF Writing Lab Grammar
Mini-Lesson Series
•
Lessons adapted from
Real Good Grammar, Too
by
Mamie Webb Hixon
•
To find out more, visit the Writing Lab’s
website
where you can
take a self-scoring quiz
corresponding to this lesson
Learn how to effectively use commas in writing, including separating items in a series, coordinating modifiers, and coordinate adjectives. Understand when to use commas and avoid common mistakes to enhance the clarity and structure of your sentences.
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Presentation Transcript
Writing Lab Commas with Items in a Series and Coordinate Modifiers
Items in a Series Use a comma to set off items (words, phrases, or short clauses) in a series. Words The plot has mystery, murder, and mayhem. Phrases We have a social responsibility to keep abreast of current issues, to work for reform, to communicate effectively, and to serve as role models. Clauses Marcy ordered the food, Hattie paid the cashier, and Marvin gassed up the car.
Items in a Series cont. In journalistic writing, the comma that separates the last two items is usually omitted. To avoid ambiguity, always use a comma before the coordinating conjunction. AMBIGUOUS: The party was made special by the company, the light from the hundreds of twinkling candles and the excellent hors d oeuvres. CLEAR: The party was made special by the company, the light from the hundreds of twinkling candles, and the excellent hors d oeuvres.
Items in a Series cont. 2 Do not use a comma to introduce or to close a series. INCORRECT: Three important criteria are, fat content, salt content, and taste. CORRECT: Three important criteria are fat content, salt content, and taste.
Coordinating Conjunctions or Compound Elements Do not use commas that separate items connected by coordinating conjunctions or compound elements consisting of only two items. INCORRECT: Kenya, and Sierra Leone are former British colonies. CORRECT: Kenya and Sierra Leone are former British colonies. CORRECT: We are working to change the image and myths about old age. CORRECT: To lose weight, Felipe ran and swam and cycled everyday for a month.
Coordinate Adjectives Use a comma between two or more coordinate adjectives. If the coordinate adjectives can be reversed and if you can insert and between the adjectives without changing the meaning of the sentence, use a comma. The fruit was crisp, tart, mellow in short, good enough to eat. The adjectives crisp, tart, and mellow can be interchanged, and and falls naturally between the words. The fruit was tart, crisp, and mellow The fruits was crisp and tart and mellow
Coordinate Adjectives cont. Ten red balloons fell from the ceiling. Ten and red can t be reversed, and and does not fall naturally between these two adjectives. INCORRECT: Red ten balloons fell from the ceiling. INCORRECT: Ten and red balloons fell from the ceiling. The word ten modifies the word group red balloons.
Coordinate Adjectives cont. 2 Never use a comma to separate the last adjective from the noun.
Thats all, folks! This lesson is part of the UWF Writing Lab Grammar Mini-Lesson Series Lessons adapted from Real Good Grammar, Too by Mamie Webb Hixon To find out more, visit the Writing Lab s website where you can take a self-scoring quiz corresponding to this lesson
