Mandibular Major Connectors in Dentistry
Mandibular
Major
Connectors
1
2
/
1
7
/
2
0
1
6
1
•
In
general, mandibular major connectors
are
long
and
relatively
narrow.
Therefore, special consideration
must
be
given to the design
of
such
connectors.
•
Mandibular
connectors
must
be
rigid
without
being
so
bulky
that
they
compromise patient comfort.
Furthermore, mandibular major connectors
must
not
impinge upon
the
movable
floor of the
mouth, the
associated frena, or
mandibular
tori.
12
/
17
/
20
1
6
2
At
the
inferior border
of the
lingual bar
connector,
the
limiting factor
is the
height of
the
moving tissue
in
the
floor of the
mouth.
Because
the connector
must
have
sufficient
width
and
bulk
to provide
rigidity,
a
linguo-plate
is
commonly
used when space is
insufficient
for a
lingual
bar.
1
2
/
1
7
/
2
0
1
6
3
If less
than
8
mm
exists between
gingival
margins
and the
movable
floor of the
mouth,
A
l
i
nguo
p
late,
a
su
b
l
i
n
gual
b
a
r
,
o
r
a
co
n
tin
u
ous
bar
is
preferred as a
major
connector.
Relief is provided for
soft
tissue under all portions of the
mandibular major
connector and at any location where
the
framework
crosses the
marginal
gingiva.
The inferior border
of mandibular major
connectors
should
be gently rounded after being
cast
to
eliminate
a sharp
edge.
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6
4
4 types of Mandibular Major
Connectors
L
i
n
g
u
a
l
b
a
r
L
i
n
g
u
a
l
p
l
a
t
e
D
o
u
b
l
e
l
i
n
g
u
a
l
b
a
r
L
a
b
i
a
l
b
a
r
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/
1
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2
0
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6
5
Lingual
bar
The
lingu
a
l
bar
i
s
p
erhaps
t
h
e
m
ost
freq
u
ently
us
e
d
mandibular major
connector.
12
/
17
/
20
1
6
6
The
basic form
of
a
mandibular
major
connector
is a
half
pear shape, located
above
moving tissue
but
as
far below
the gingival tissue as possible. It
is
usually
made
of
reinforced,
6
gauge, half pear shaped wax
or
a
similar
plastic
pattern.
Placement
of
a lingual bar
requires at
least 8
mm
of
space
between
the
gingival
margins
and
the floor
of
the
m
out
h
.
This
p
e
r
m
i
t
s
the
major
con
n
e
c
tor
t
o
h
a
ve
a
minimum
height of 5
mm
and
allows
3
mm
of
space
between
the
gingival
margins
and
the superior border
of
the
ba
r
.
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/
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/
20
1
6
50
A
periodontal probe
may
be used to
measure from
the
gingival
margins
to the
floor of
the
mouth.
The
patient
instruc
t
ed
to
should
be
e
l
e
va
t
e
and
protrude
the
tongue
so
that
border
of
i
ts
tip
to
u
ches
t
h
e
the
ver
m
ilion
upper lip.
Intraoral
m
ea
sure
m
ents
m
ay
b
e
t
ra
n
sferred
to
the
corresponding dental
cast.
12
/
17
/
20
1
6
8
The
presence
of
mandibular
tori
complicates the
design,
fabrication,
and
placement
of
lingual bar
major connectors.
Surgical
removal
of
mandibular
tori
usually
is
required
for
successful removable
partial denture
therapy.
Indicated
in
Kennedy’s
Class
III
situation
and
its
modifications.
1
2
/
1
7
/
2
0
1
6
9
Advantage
s
:
i
f
f
icu
l
t
to
used w
h
en tori
are
pr
e
1
2
s
/
1
e
7
/
2
n
0
1
t
10
6
•
Simple,
easy to design and
fabricate
•
Has
no
minimal
contact with oral
tissue
•
No
contact with teeth,
so
no
decalcification
of
teeth.
Disadvantages:
•
If
extreme
care is not taken in
the
design and
construction of
a
lingual
bar,
the
resultant
framework
may
not be
rigid.
•
Cause
food
entrapment
and
patient discomfort if
it
is placed over
undercut
Lingual Plate/
Linguoplate
The
structure
of a
lingual plate
is
basically that
of a
half-
pear-shaped lingual
bar with a
thin, solid piece of metal
extending from its superior
border.
.
12
/
17
/
20
1
6
11
The
inferior border
of
a
lingual plate should
be
positioned
as
low
in the floor of the
mouth as possible,
but
should
not
interfere
with the
functional movements
of the tongue and
soft
tissues.
A
linguoplate
m
ade
as
th
i
n
technically
feasible
should
b
e
co
n
toured
sho
u
ld
be
as
is
and
to
follow
t
h
e
c
ontou
r
s
of
t
h
e
teeth and the
embrasures
12
/
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/
20
1
6
12
This thin projection of metal
is
carried on to
the
lingual
surfaces
of
the teeth
and presents
a
scalloped
appearance
A
lingual plate
may
include "step
backs"
to
minimize
or
eliminate
the
appearance of
metal.
A lingual
plate must
be supported
by rests
(arrows)
located no farther
posterior than
the
mesial surface
of
12
/
17
/
20
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6
Dr M
u
t
j
t
h
a
b
a
e
A
s
h
f
r
a
i
f
rst
pre
m
ola
rs
.
56
I
n
d
i
cati
o
n
s
:
12
/
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/
20
1
6
14
When lingual
frenum is high or space
available
for
lingual bar is
insufficient
Kennedy
Class
I
wh
e
re
re
s
id
ual
ridges
h
a
ve
undergone
excessive
vertical
resorption.
For stabilizing
periodontally weak
teeth.
When future replacement
of one or
more anterior
teeth is
predicted.
Presence
of inoperable
mandibular
tori.
Advantages:
Most rigid and provides
good support
and
stabilization.
Provides
indirect retention
with
rest
on
premolars.
Disadvantages:
Extensive coverage of teeth
may
cause decalcification.
Soft
tissue
irritation
12
/
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/
20
1
6
15
Double Lingual
Bar/
Kennedy
bar
A
double lingual bar displays
characteristics
of
both
lingual bar and lingual plate
major
connectors
12
/
17
/
20
1
6
16
from
l
i
ngu
a
l
pl
at
e
in
t
he
m
iddle
•
It
differs
portion
is
re
m
oved
and
the
re
m
ain
i
ng
is
superior
and
inferior
bar.
•
The lower
bar
is
similar
to a
lingual
bar,
pear-
shaped in
cross-section, 2-3mm
high and
1mm
thick
12
/
17
/
20
1
6
17
•
Just
like
the lingual
plate
upper bar should dip
into the embrasures
and
if diastema
is present, a
step-back design is
used.
Indications
•
When
a
lingual plate in otherwise indicated
but
axial alignment
of
anterior
teeth
entails excessive
block out, eg
crowding
•
Periodontal disease resulting
in
large
interproximal
embrasures
•
W
ide
dia
s
te
m
a
i
n
lower
ant
e
r
i
or
s
12
/
17
/
20
1
6
61
Advantages:
Provides good
indirect
retention
Horizontal
stabilization
A
s
ging
i
v
a
l
t
i
ss
u
es
a
re
n
o
t
co
v
er
e
d,
m
a
r
g
i
n
a
l
gingival receives natural
stimulation
Disadvantages:
More
annoyance to tongue than lingual
plate
Food
entrapment
and
debris
12
/
17
/
20
1
6
19
Labial
Bar
A
labi
a
l
b
a
r
runs
a
c
ross
the
m
uc
o
sa
on
t
h
e
fa
c
ial
surface
of
the
mandibular
arch
12
/
17
/
20
1
6
20
Like
other mandibular major connectors,
a
labial
bar
displays
a
half-pear
shape when
viewed
in
cross
section.
But,
because
of its
placement
on the
external
curvature
of
the mandible,
a
labial
bar is
longer
than other
mandibular major
connector.
12
/
17
/
20
1
6
21
The only
justification
for using a
labial bar
is
the
presence
of
a
gross uncorrectable interference
that
makes
the
placement
of
a
lingual major connector
impossible.
Interferences
that
commonly
lead to the
selection
of a
labial bar
are
(1)
malposition
or lingually inclined teeth
and
(2)
large
mandibular tori
that
preclude the use
of a
lingual bar
or
lingual
plate.
12
/
17
/
20
1
6
22
Advantages
When
the
remaining mandibular teeth
are tipped
so
far
lingually
that a
more conventional major
connector cannot
be
used,
a
labial bar
may
be
considered.
Disadvantages
Unaesthetic
Fullness in lower
lips
Patient
discomfort
12
/
17
/
20
1
6
23
A modification
of the labial bar
is
the
hinged
continuous labial
bar
.
This concept is
incorporated in the
Swing
Lock*
design,
which
consists of a labial or buccal bar that
is
connected to the
major
connector by a hinge at one
end and a latch at the other
end.
12
/
17
/
20
1
6
24
In
this application,
the
labial component does not
serve
as
a
major
connector.
Instead,
the
modified
labial
bar
has
a
hinge
at
one
end
and
a
locking
device
at the
opposite end. This
permits
an
opening and closing action
similar
to a
gate.
12
/
17
/
20
1
6
25
Review of indications for mandibular
major
connectors
1.
For
a
tooth-supported removable partial denture,
the
lingual bar normally
is the
mandibular major connector of
choice.
2.
When
there is
insufficient
room between the
floor
of the
mouth
and
the gingival
margins
(< 8
mm),
a
lingual
plate
should
be used.
This
major connector also
is
indicated for
patients with
large
inoperable
tori
and patients with
high
lingual frenum
attachments.
12
/
17
/
20
1
6
26
3.
When
the
anterior
teeth
have reduced periodontal support
and require
stabilization,
a lingual plate is
recommended.
4.
When
the
anterior
teeth
exhibit reduced periodontal
support and
large
interproximal spaces,
a
modified lingual
plate (step-back design) or double lingual bar
should
be
used.
5.
When
a
removable partial denture will replace all
mandibular posterior teeth, a lingual plate should
be
used.
6.
A
labial bar is rarely
indicated.
12
/
17
/
20
1
6
27
Mandibular major connectors in dentistry are crucial components that must be designed carefully to ensure patient comfort and stability. These connectors should be rigid yet not bulky to avoid impinging on oral structures. Various types, such as lingual bars and plates, serve different purposes based on space availability. Proper relief and rounding of the connectors are essential for a comfortable fit.
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Presentation Transcript
Mandibular Major Connectors 12/17/201 1 6
In general, mandibular major connectors are long and relatively narrow. Therefore, special consideration must be given to the design of such connectors. Mandibular connectors must be rigid without being so bulky that they compromise patient comfort. Furthermore, mandibular major connectors must not impinge upon the movable floor of the mouth, the associated frena, or mandibular tori. 12/17/201 6 2
At the inferior border of the lingual bar connector, the limiting factor is the height of the moving tissue in the floor of the mouth. Because the connector must have sufficient width and bulk to provide rigidity, a linguo-plate is commonly used when space is insufficient for a lingual bar. 12/17/201 3 6
If less than 8 mm exists between gingival margins and the movable floor of the mouth, A linguoplate, a sublingual bar, or a continuous bar is preferred as a major connector. Relief is provided for soft tissue under all portions of the mandibular major connector and at any location where the framework crosses the marginal gingiva. The inferior border of mandibular major connectors should be gently rounded after being cast to eliminate a sharpedge. 12/17/201 6 4
4 types of Mandibular Major Connectors Lingual bar Lingual plate Double lingualbar Labial bar 12/17/201 6 5
Lingual bar The lingual bar is perhaps the most frequently used mandibular major connector. 12/17/201 6 6
The basic form of a mandibular major connector is a half pear shape, located above moving tissue but as far below the gingival tissue as possible. It is usually made of reinforced, 6 gauge, half pear shaped wax or a similar plastic pattern. Placement of a lingual bar requires at least 8 mm of space between the gingival margins and the floor ofthe mouth. This major connector to have a minimum height of 5 mm and allows 3 mm of space between the gingival margins and the superior border of the bar. permits the 12/17/201 6 50
A periodontal probe may be used to measure from the gingival margins to the floor of the mouth. The patient instructed to protrude the tongue so that its tip touches the vermilion upper lip. Intraoral measurements may be transferred to the corresponding dental cast. should elevate and be the border of 12/17/201 6 8
The presence of mandibular tori complicates the design, fabrication, and placement of lingual bar major connectors. Surgical removal of mandibular tori usually is required for successful removable partial denture therapy. Indicated in Kennedy s Class III situation and its modifications. 12/17/201 9 6
Advantages: Simple, easy to design and fabricate Has no minimal contact with oral tissue No contact with teeth, so no decalcification of teeth. Disadvantages: If extreme care is not taken in the design and construction of a lingual framework may not be rigid. Cause food entrapment and patient discomfort if it is placed over undercut bar, the resultant ifficult to used when tori are pre12s/1e 7/2n 01t 6 10
Lingual Plate/ Linguoplate The structure of a lingual plate is basically that of a half- pear-shaped lingual bar with a thin, solid piece of metal extending from its superior border. . 12/17/201 6 11
The inferior border of a lingual plate should be positioned as low in the floor of the mouth as possible, but should not interfere with the functional movements of the tongue and soft tissues. A linguoplate made technically should be contoured follow the contours of the teeth and the embrasures should be as as thin feasible to is and 12/17/201 6 12
This thin projection of metal is carried on to the lingual surfaces of the teeth and presents a scalloped appearance A lingual plate may include "step backs" to minimize or eliminate the appearance of metal. A lingual plate must be supported by rests (arrows) located no farther posterior than the mesial surface of Dr Mut 12/17/201 6 jth abae Ashf rai frst premolars. 56
Indications: When lingual frenum is high or space available for lingual bar is insufficient Kennedy Class I where residual ridges have undergone excessive vertical resorption. For stabilizing periodontally weak teeth. When future replacement of one or more anterior teeth is predicted. Presence of inoperable mandibular tori. 12/17/201 6 14
Advantages: Most rigid and provides good support and stabilization. Provides indirect retention with rest on premolars. Disadvantages: Extensive coverage of teeth may cause decalcification. Soft tissue irritation 12/17/201 6 15
Double Lingual Bar/ Kennedy bar A double lingual bar displays characteristics ofboth lingual bar and lingual plate majorconnectors 12/17/201 6 16
from lingual plate in the middle portion is removed and the remaining is superior and inferior bar. The lower bar is similar to a lingual bar, pear- shaped in cross-section, 2-3mm high and 1mm thick It differs 12/17/201 6 17
Just like the lingual plate upper bar should dip into the embrasures and if diastema is present, a step-back design is used. Indications When a lingual plate in otherwise indicated but axial alignment of anterior teeth entails excessive block out, eg crowding Periodontal disease resulting in large interproximal embrasures Wide diastema in lower anteriors12/17/201 6 61
Advantages: Provides good indirect retention Horizontal stabilization As gingival tissues are not covered, marginal gingival receives natural stimulation Disadvantages: More annoyance to tongue than lingualplate Food entrapment and debris 12/17/201 6 19
Labial Bar A labial bar runs across the mucosa on the facial surface of the mandibular arch 12/17/201 6 20
Like other mandibular major connectors, a labial bar displays a half-pear shape when viewed in cross section. But, because of its placement on the external curvature of the mandible, a labial bar is longer than other mandibular major connector. 12/17/201 6 21
The only justification for using a labial bar is the presence of a gross uncorrectable interference that makes the placement of a lingual major connector impossible. Interferences that commonly lead to the selection of a labial bar are (1) malposition or lingually inclined teethand (2)large mandibular tori that preclude the use of a lingual bar or lingual plate. 12/17/201 6 22
Advantages When the remaining mandibular teeth are tipped so far lingually that a more conventional major connector cannot be used, a labial bar may be considered. Disadvantages Unaesthetic Fullness in lower lips Patient discomfort 12/17/201 6 23
A modification of the labial bar is thehinged continuous labial bar. This concept is incorporated in the Swing Lock* design, which consists of a labial or buccal bar thatis connected to the major connector by a hinge at one end and a latch at the other end. 12/17/201 6 24
In this application, the labial component does not serve as a major connector. Instead, the modified labial bar has a hinge at one end and a locking device at the opposite end. This permits an opening and closing action similar to a gate. 12/17/201 6 25
Review of indications for mandibular major connectors 1. For a tooth-supported removable partial denture, the lingual bar normally is the mandibular major connector of choice. 2. When there is insufficient room between the floor of the mouth and the gingival margins (< 8 mm), a lingual plate should be used. This major connector also is indicated for patients with large inoperable tori and patients with high lingual frenum attachments. 12/17/201 6 26
3.When the anterior teeth have reduced periodontal support and require stabilization, a lingual plate is recommended. 4.When the anterior teeth exhibit reduced periodontal support and large interproximal spaces, a modified lingual plate (step-back design) or double lingual bar should be used. 5.When a removable partial denture will replace all mandibular posterior teeth, a lingual plate should beused. 6.Alabial bar is rarelyindicated. 12/17/201 6 27
