Latin III Exam and Grammar Overview
LATIN III EXAM
NOUNS:
Nominative:
•
predicate nominative with passive verbs, e.g.,
•
appellō, fīō
Genitive:
•
Possessive
•
quantity
•
partitive
•
with causā or grātiā
•
description
•
objective
Dative:
•
possession
•
purpose and reference (double dative)
•
agent
•
with special adjectives, e.g.,
•
amīcus, carus, similis
•
with special verbs, e.g.,
•
imperō, pāreō, placeō, praeficiō, prōsum
Accusative:
•
place to which (without prepositions)
•
object of prepositions, e.g.,
•
apud
•
praeter
•
super
Ablative:
•
place from which (without prepositions)
•
ablative absolute
•
description
•
separation
•
cause
•
SID SPACE
Locative:
•
The locative case is used for names of towns, cities, small
islands and the nouns domus, rus and humus and never use
in
or
ad
to indicate place where
. The locative case never uses a
preposition.
•
Forms of the Locative Case
•
For first and second declensions, locatives resemble the
genitive in singular forms and the dative/ablative in the plural.
•
For the third declension, the locative resembles the ablative in
the locative singular and plural. Occasionally the locative
singular may resemble the dative singular.
PRONOUNS:
•
ipse, HIM/HERSELF
•
īdem; THE SAME
•
aliquis, SOMEONE/ANYONE
•
quīdam, A CERTAIN
•
quisque WHOEVER
ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS:
CONJUNCTIONS:
•
sī,
•
nam,
•
enim,
•
igitur,
•
autem,
•
tamen,
•
neque,
•
ut
correlatives,
•
sīve...sīve,
•
vel...vel,
•
nec…nec
•
Et…et
•
Neque…neque
•
Aut…aut
•
Modo…modo
ENCLITICS:
•
-ne,
•
-que,
•
-ve
•
-cum
VERBS:
•
deponents
•
irregular,
•
fīō, mālō, volō, nōlō
•
impersonal,
•
oportet
•
irregular imperatives,
•
dīc, dūc, fac, fer,
indirect statement
with present and past
tense main verbs
subjunctive mood
•
hortatory,
•
jussive
•
indirect command,
•
purpose clause,
•
result clause,
•
indirect question
•
cum clauses
gerunds and gerundives,
•
Expressions of purpose
•
(ad, causā, grātiā)
•
Active and passive periphrastic
•
Expression of obligation
•
IDIOMS:
•
vītā excēdere,
•
in mātrimōnium dūcere,
•
cōnsilium capere
•
in animo vertit
•
Iter facit
•
Nomen est mihi
•
Gratias ago tibi
III. CULTURE AND
CIVILIZATION
GEOGRAPHY:
•
notable cities,
regions, mountains,
rivers, and bodies of
water of Italy and the
ancient world,
•
Naples,
•
Alexandria,
•
Gaul,
•
Pyrenees,
•
Mt. Etna,
•
Nile,
•
Aegean Sea,
•
Black Sea
HISTORY:
•
Pyrrhus, Marius,
Sulla, Pompey, Livia, Tiberius
GREATEST BATTLES OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC AND EARLY EMPIRE
YEAR
PLACE
WINNER
LOSER
217 BC
Lake Trasimene
Carthaginians (Hannibal)
Romans (C.Flaminius)
216 BC
Cannae
Carthaginians (Hannibal)
Romans (C. Terentius Varro)
202 BC
Zama
Romans (Scipio Africanus)
Carthaginians (Hannibal)
147 BC
Carthage
Romans
Carthaginians
53 BC
Carrhae
Parthians
Romans (M. Crassus)
48 BC
Pharsalus
Romans (Julius Caesar)
Romans (Cn. Pompeius Magnus)
42 BC
2nd Philippi
M.Antonius/C.Octavianus
M.Junius Brutus
31 BC
Actium
Romans (Agrippa)
Romans (M.Antonius)
AD 68-70
Jerusalem
Romans (Vespasian/Titus)
Jews
AD 83
Mons Graupius
Romans (Agricola)
Caledonians (Galgacus)
MYTHOLOGY:
•
Greek and Roman heroes,
•
e.g., Perseus, Jason, Mucius
•
Scaevola; typical Roman and Italian deities,
•
e.g., Janus, Vesta; origins and
•
transformations,
•
e.g., Daphne, Pygmalion, Baucis and Philemon, Niobe
ROMAN LIFE:
•
calendar terms, Kalends, Nones, Ides
•
Calends (Kalendae, Kalends) signify the start of the new moon cycle and
was always the first day of the month. It is derived from the Greek word
καλειν, “to announce” the days of the full and new moon.
•
Nones (Nonae) were known to be the days of the half moon which usually
occur 8 days before the Ides.
•
Ides occurred on the 15th day of March, May, July, and October, and the
13th day of the other months. They are thought to have been the days of
the full moon.
•
Each day was referred to by how many days it fell before the Calends,
Nones or Ides. For example, March 11 would be known as “Five Ides” to
the Romans because it is four days before the Ides of March (March 15)
•
pr. (prīdiē), a.d. (ante diem);
•
pontifex maximus, augures; ceremonies, e.g., weddings,
funerals, triumphs
IV. LATIN IN USE
ORAL LATIN:
•
e.g., Salve, salvete Hello
•
Quid agis?
How are you? / What are you doing?
•
Quid est nomen tibi?
What’s your name?
•
Vale, valete
goodbye
•
Ita vero,
Yes!
•
Minime,
no!
•
Quid est?
What is it?
•
Quis est?
Who is it?
•
Gratias tibi ago,
Thank you
•
Sol lucet,
The sun is shining
•
Quota hora est?
What time is it?
•
Adsum,
I am present
•
Quid novi?
What’s new?
•
plaudite omnēs;
Everyone clap
•
mē paenitet;
I’m sorry
•
ut bene scīs
as you well know
DERIVATIVES:
EXPRESSIONS, MOTTOES, ABBREVIATIONS:
•
Pyrrhic victory,
•
crossing the
Rubicon,
•
nōn sequitur,
•
ad hominem,
•
Q.E.D.
•
Amor omnia vincit
•
In vino veritas
•
Carpe diem
•
Utile dulci
•
Semper fidelis
•
Caveat emptor
•
Post hoc, ergo procter
hoc
•
Per angusta ad augusta
•
Sic monumentis
requiris, circumspice
•
Aere perennius
This Latin III exam study guide covers various grammar topics including nouns, predicate nominative with passive verbs, possessive quantity partitive, special uses of dative and ablative cases, locative case, pronouns, positive comparative superlative forms, and correlatives. The guide provides explanations and examples for each topic to help students prepare for their exams effectively.
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Presentation Transcript
predicate nominative with passive verbs, e.g., appell , f Nominative:
Possessive quantity partitive with caus or gr ti description objective Genitive:
possession purpose and reference (double dative) agent with special adjectives, e.g., am cus, carus, similis with special verbs, e.g., imper , p re , place , praefici , pr sum Dative:
place to which (without prepositions) object of prepositions, e.g., apud praeter super Accusative:
place from which (without prepositions) ablative absolute description separation cause SID SPACE Ablative:
The locative case is used for names of towns, cities, small islands and the nouns domus, rus and humus and never use in or ad to indicate place where. The locative case never uses a preposition. Forms of the Locative Case For first and second declensions, locatives resemble the genitive in singular forms and the dative/ablative in the plural. For the third declension, the locative resembles the ablative in the locative singular and plural. Occasionally the locative singular may resemble the dative singular. Locative:
ipse, HIM/HERSELF dem; THE SAME aliquis, SOMEONE/ANYONE qu dam, A CERTAIN quisque WHOEVER PRONOUNS:
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE BONUS/BENE MELIOR/MELIUS OPTIMUS/OPTIME MALUS/MALE PELIOR/PELIUS PESSIMUS/PESSIME MAGNUS/MAGNOPERE MAIOR/MAIUS MAXIMUS/MAXIME PARVUS/PAULO MINOR/MINUS MINIMUS/MINIME MULTUS/PAULUM PLUS/PLUS PLURIMUS/PLURIMUM ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS:
correlatives, s ve...s ve, vel...vel, nec nec Et et Neque neque Aut aut Modo modo s , nam, enim, igitur, autem, tamen, neque, ut CONJUNCTIONS:
-ne, -que, -ve -cum ENCLITICS:
deponents irregular, f , m l , vol , n l impersonal, oportet irregular imperatives, d c, d c, fac, fer, VERBS:
indirect statement with present and past tense main verbs
hortatory, jussive indirect command, purpose clause, result clause, indirect question cum clauses subjunctive mood
Expressions of purpose (ad, caus , gr ti ) Active and passive periphrastic Expression of obligation gerunds and gerundives,
vtexcdere, in m trim niumd cere, c nsilium capere in animo vertit Iter facit Nomen est mihi Gratias ago tibi IDIOMS:
III. CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
notable cities, regions, mountains, rivers, and bodies of water of Italy and the ancient world, Naples, Alexandria, Gaul, Pyrenees, Mt. Etna, Nile, Aegean Sea, Black Sea GEOGRAPHY:
GREATEST BATTLES OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC AND EARLY EMPIRE YEAR PLACE WINNER LOSER 217 BC Lake Trasimene Carthaginians (Hannibal) Romans (C.Flaminius) 216 BC Cannae Carthaginians (Hannibal) Romans (C. Terentius Varro) 202 BC Zama Romans (Scipio Africanus) Carthaginians (Hannibal) 147 BC Carthage Romans Carthaginians 53 BC Carrhae Parthians Romans (M. Crassus) 48 BC Pharsalus Romans (Julius Caesar) Romans (Cn. Pompeius Magnus) 42 BC 2nd Philippi M.Antonius/C.Octavianus M.Junius Brutus 31 BC Actium Romans (Agrippa) Romans (M.Antonius) AD 68-70 Jerusalem Romans (Vespasian/Titus) Jews AD 83 Mons Graupius Romans (Agricola) Caledonians (Galgacus) Pyrrhus, Marius, Sulla, Pompey, Livia, Tiberius HISTORY:
Greek and Roman heroes, e.g., Perseus, Jason, Mucius Scaevola; typical Roman and Italian deities, e.g., Janus, Vesta; origins and transformations, e.g., Daphne, Pygmalion, Baucis and Philemon, Niobe MYTHOLOGY:
calendar terms, Kalends, Nones, Ides Calends (Kalendae, Kalends) signify the start of the new moon cycle and was always the first day of the month. It is derived from the Greek word , to announce the days of the full and new moon. Nones (Nonae) were known to be the days of the half moon which usually occur 8 days before the Ides. Ides occurred on the 15th day of March, May, July, and October, and the 13th day of the other months. They are thought to have been the days of the full moon. Each day was referred to by how many days it fell before the Calends, Nones or Ides. For example, March 11 would be known as Five Ides to the Romans because it is four days before the Ides of March (March 15) pr. (pr di ), a.d. (ante diem); pontifex maximus, augures; ceremonies, e.g., weddings, funerals, triumphs ROMAN LIFE:
e.g., Salve, salvete Hello Quid agis? Quid est nomen tibi? Vale, valete Ita vero, Minime, Quid est? Quis est? Gratias tibi ago, Sol lucet, Quota hora est? Adsum, Quid novi? plaudite omn s; m paenitet; ut bene sc s How are you? / What are you doing? What s your name? goodbye Yes! no! What is it? Who is it? Thank you The sun is shining What time is it? I am present What s new? Everyone clap I m sorry as you well know ORAL LATIN:
co- de- together away, off; generally indicates reversal or removal in English not, not any coauthor, coedit, coheir deactivate, debone, defrost, decompress, deplane disbelief, discomfort, discredit, disrepair, disrespect international, interfaith, intertwine, intercellular, interject nonessential, nonmetallic, nonresident, nonviolence, nonskid, nonstop postdate, postwar, postnasal, postnatal preconceive, preexist, premeditate, predispose, prepossess, prepay rearrange, rebuild, recall, remake, rerun, rewrite submarine, subsoil, subway, subhuman, substandard Transfer, transitive, transition, transform, trans-Atlantic dis- inter - non- not between, among post- after pre- before re- again; back, backward sub- under trans - across, beyond, through DERIVATIVES:
Pyrrhic victory, crossing the Rubicon, n n sequitur, ad hominem, Q.E.D. Amor omnia vincit In vino veritas Carpe diem Utile dulci Semper fidelis Caveat emptor Post hoc, ergo procter hoc Per angusta ad augusta Sic monumentis requiris, circumspice Aere perennius EXPRESSIONS, MOTTOES, ABBREVIATIONS:
