Joints and Their Classification in the Human Body
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Prepared by:
Julia Dudek
3rd year of Physiotherapy
2023/2024
What are joints?
A joint is the part of the body where
two or more bones meet to allow
movement.
Functions:
-
Joints support body from head to
toe
-
Joints hold the skeleton together
and support movement
-
Joints provide the structure that
allows movement and flexibility
Construction of the
synovial joint
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_joint
1.
Articular capsule
- fibrous layer
- synovial layer
2.
Articular Surface
- hyline cartilage
1.
Synovial membrane
2.
Synovial fluid
3.
A
dditional structures
:
- articular disc
- bursae
Joint
classification
Joint classification: range of motion
Polyaxial or multiaxial
Biaxial
Uniaxial
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-joints/
Nonaxial
Joint classification:
mobility
https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/skeleton/joints-and-ligaments
Joint classification:
structure
https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/skeleton/joints-and-ligaments
•
Low mobility
Symphyses
Synchondroses
•
No mobility
Sutures
Gomphoses
Syndesmoses
•
Freely movable
Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Plane
Ball and socket joint
•
Polyaxial,
•
F
lexion and extension,
•
A
dduction and abduction,
•
R
otation
,
•
T
he shoulder and
t
he hip
joint
.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-joints/
Hinge joint
•
Uniaxial,
•
F
lexion and extension
,
•
T
he tibiofemoral joint or
t
he knee joint and
t
he
elbow joint
.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-joints/
Pivot joint
•
Uniaxial,
•
Rotation,
•
O
ccurs between C1 and
C2
vertebrae.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-joints/
Condyloid joint
•
Biaxial,
•
F
le
x
ion and extension
,
•
C
ircumduction
,
•
R
adial and ulnar
deviation
,
•
T
he radiocarpal joint or
t
he wrist joint.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-joints/
Saddle joint
•
Biaxial,
•
A
bduction
and
adduction,
•
F
lexion
and
extension
,
•
C
ircumduction
,
•
T
he carpometacarpal joint
of the thumb
.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-joints/
Plane joint
•
Nonaxial,
•
S
liding or a gliding
movement
,
•
T
he acromioclavicular
joint
.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-joints/
D
i
c
t
i
o
n
a
r
y
Joint – staw
Articular capsule – torebka stawowa
fibrous layer – warstwa włóknista
synovial layer – warstwa maziowa
Articular Surface – powierzchnia stawowa
hyline cartilage – chrząstka szklista
Synovial membrane – błona maziowa
Synovial fluid – płyn maziowy
A
dditional structures
– dodatkowe struktury
Articular disc – krążek stawowy
Bursae – kaletki
Structure – struktura
Mobility – mobilność
T
he
c
artilaginous
joint - staw z połączeniem
chrząstkowym
The
f
ibrous
j
oint
- staw nieruchomy
The
s
ynovial
j
oint
- staw z błoną maziową
Sutures – szwy
Gomphosis -
wklinowanie
Syndesmosis -
więzozrost
Symphysis - spojenie
Synchondrosis -
chrząstkozrost
Ball and socket joint – staw panewkowy
Hinge joint – staw zawiasowy
Pivot joint – staw obrotowy
Condyloid joint – staw eliptyczny
Saddle joint – staw siodełkowy
Plane joint – staw płaski
F
lexion
– zgięcie
E
xtension
– wyprost
A
dduction
– przywodzenie
A
bductio
n – odwodzenie
R
otation
– rotacja
Circumduction – ruch okrężny
Diarthrosis – staw z błoną maziową
A
mphiarthrosis
– staw z połączeniem chrząstkowym
Synarthrosi
s – staw nieruchomy
Bibliography
•
Abu Ilius Faisal, Sumit Majumder, Tapas Mondal, David Cowan, Sasan Naseh and M. Jamal Dee
. „
Monitoring
Methods of Human Body Joints: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges
”.
doi:10.3390/s19112629
•
Pallavi Juneja; Akul Munjal; John B. Hubbard.
„Anatomy, Joints”.
PMID: 29939670
.
Bookshelf ID:
NBK507893
•
Marco Gupton, Akul Munjal, Robert R. Terreberry
.
„
Anatomy, Hinge Joints
”.
Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls
Publishing; 2023 Jan.
2023 Jul 24.
PMID: 30085509 Bookshelf ID: NBK518967
•
Lou-Ren Chang, Prashanth Anand, Matthew Varacallo. „Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Glenohumeral
Joint”. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan. 2023 Aug 8. PMID: 30725703 Bookshelf ID:
NBK537018
•
Richard A. Watts, Philip G. Conaghan, Christopher Denton, Helen Foster, John Isaacs, Ulf Müller-Ladner.
„
Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology”.
CHAPTER 46
N
ormal
F
unctional
A
natomy of
J
oints Library of Congress
Control Number: 2013946780
.
ISBN 978–0–19–964248–9
.
•
https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/skeleton/joints-and-ligaments
•
https://www.healthline.com/health/how-many-joints-in-human-body#takeaway
•
https://mydr.com.au/sports-fitness/joint-synovial/
•
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfiUnhAHt8Q
•
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/25137-joints
•
https://www.deepl.com/pl/translator
•
https://www.diki.pl/slownik-angielskiego?q=Gomphosis
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Joints are pivotal in allowing movement and providing structure in the human body. Learn about the construction of synovial joints, range of motion, and various joint classifications based on mobility and structure such as ball and socket, hinge, and more. Explore the functions and significance of joints in supporting body movement and flexibility.
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Presentation Transcript
The The Joints Joints Prepared by: Julia Dudek 3rd year of Physiotherapy 2023/2024
What are joints? A joint is the part of the body where two or more bones meet to allow movement. Functions: - Joints support body from head to toe - Joints hold the skeleton together and support movement - Joints provide the structure that allows movement and flexibility
Construction of the synovial joint 1. Articular capsule - fibrous layer - synovial layer 2. Articular Surface - hyline cartilage 1. Synovial membrane 2. Synovial fluid 3. Additional structures: - articular disc - bursae https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_joint
Range of motion Joint Mobility classification Structure
Joint classification: range of motion Biaxial Polyaxial or multiaxial Nonaxial Uniaxial https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-joints/
Joint classification: mobility Diarthrosis -freely mobile joint Amphiarthrosis - slightly mobile joint Synarthrosis - immobile joint https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/skeleton/joints-and-ligaments
Joint classification: structure The fibrous joint The cartilaginous The synovial joint joint Ball and socket Hinge Pivot Condyloid Saddle Plane Sutures Gomphoses Syndesmoses Symphyses Synchondroses Freely movable No mobility Low mobility https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/skeleton/joints-and-ligaments
Ball and socket joint Polyaxial, Flexion and extension, Adduction and abduction, Rotation, The shoulder and the hip joint. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-joints/
Hinge joint Uniaxial, Flexion and extension, The tibiofemoral joint or the knee joint and the elbow joint. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-joints/
Pivot joint Uniaxial, Rotation, Occurs between C1 and C2 vertebrae. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-joints/
Condyloid joint Biaxial, Flexion and extension, Circumduction, Radial and ulnar deviation, The radiocarpal joint or the wrist joint. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-joints/
Saddle joint Biaxial, Abduction and adduction, Flexion and extension, Circumduction, The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-joints/
Plane joint Nonaxial, Sliding or a gliding movement, The acromioclavicular joint. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-joints/
Dictionary Joint staw Articular capsule torebka stawowa fibrous layer warstwa w knista synovial layer warstwa maziowa Articular Surface powierzchnia stawowa hyline cartilage chrz stka szklista Synovial membrane b ona maziowa Synovial fluid p yn maziowy Additional structures dodatkowe struktury Articular disc kr ek stawowy Bursae kaletki Structure struktura Mobility mobilno The cartilaginous joint - staw z po czeniem chrz stkowym The fibrous joint - staw nieruchomy The synovial joint - staw z b on maziow Sutures szwy Gomphosis - wklinowanie Syndesmosis - wi zozrost Symphysis - spojenie Synchondrosis - chrz stkozrost Ball and socket joint staw panewkowy Hinge joint staw zawiasowy Pivot joint staw obrotowy Condyloid joint staw eliptyczny Saddle joint staw siode kowy Plane joint staw p aski Flexion zgi cie Extension wyprost Adduction przywodzenie Abduction odwodzenie Rotation rotacja Circumduction ruch okr ny Diarthrosis staw z b on maziow Amphiarthrosis staw z po czeniem chrz stkowym Synarthrosis staw nieruchomy
Bibliography Abu Ilius Faisal, Sumit Majumder, Tapas Mondal, David Cowan, Sasan Naseh and M. Jamal Dee. Monitoring Methods of Human Body Joints: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges . doi:10.3390/s19112629 Pallavi Juneja; Akul Munjal; John B. Hubbard. Anatomy, Joints . PMID: 29939670. Bookshelf ID: NBK507893 Marco Gupton, Akul Munjal, Robert R. Terreberry. Anatomy, Hinge Joints . Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan. 2023 Jul 24. PMID: 30085509 Bookshelf ID: NBK518967 Lou-Ren Chang, Prashanth Anand, Matthew Varacallo. Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Glenohumeral Joint . Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan. 2023 Aug 8. PMID: 30725703 Bookshelf ID: NBK537018 Richard A. Watts, Philip G. Conaghan, Christopher Denton, Helen Foster, John Isaacs, Ulf M ller-Ladner. Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology . CHAPTER 46 Normal Functional Anatomy of Joints Library of Congress Control Number: 2013946780. ISBN 978 0 19 964248 9. https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/skeleton/joints-and-ligaments https://www.healthline.com/health/how-many-joints-in-human-body#takeaway https://mydr.com.au/sports-fitness/joint-synovial/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfiUnhAHt8Q https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/25137-joints https://www.deepl.com/pl/translator https://www.diki.pl/slownik-angielskiego?q=Gomphosis
A quiz A quiz about about joints joints in the in the human human body body Question 5 : What sort of synovial joint is the hip joint? a) a hinge joint b) a saddle joint c) a ball and socket joint Question 1 : How many types of joints are there in the human body (by structural classification)? a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 Question 6 : The proximal and distal radioulnar joints are examples of ... a) saddle joints b) condyloid joints c) pivot joints Question 2 : Which type of joints are freely movable? a) cartilaginous joints b) synovial joints c) fibrous joints Question 3 : The elbow joint is an example of a ... a) saddle joint b) hinge joint c) ball and socket joint Question 4 : The sutures between the bones of the skull are an example of ... a) fibrous joints b) cartilaginous joints c) synovial joints
