Importance of Fitness Testing in Physical Education
Health-related physical activity (HRPA) stresses the need to view fitness testing as a tool to promote increased physical activity levels rather than an end goal. The focus in school physical education is on equipping youth with the knowledge and skills for lifelong health. Fitness test protocols should involve proper monitoring, assistance, familiarization, feedback, and purposeful delivery. Understanding the principles of effective measurement, including validity, reliability, objectivity, safety, practicality, and sensitivity, is crucial for meaningful assessment. Different fitness testing components for lab versus physical education settings are outlined, including cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular strength, and muscular endurance.
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HEALTH RELATED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (HRPA)
A CULTURE OF FITNESS TESTING IN PE FITNESS TESTING SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS AN INSTRUMENT TO ENCOURAGE INCREASED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE LEVELS AND NOT BE AN END IN ITSELF (RUIZ ET AL, 2011) THE FOCUS IN SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION IS ON PROVIDING YOUTH WITH THE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS THEY NEED TO BE ACTIVE, FIT, AND HEALTHY THROUGHOUT LIFE. THEREFORE, THE MORE IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION IN SCHOOL FITNESS TESTING IS WHETHER ITEMS CAN HELP TO EVALUATE PERSONAL FITNESS NEEDS AND FACILITATE FITNESS EDUCATION (CORBIN ET AL, 2014)
FITNESS TEST PROTOCOLS - THINGS TO CONSIDER Monitor Assistants Ask some senior students to assist you on testing day if appropriate Familiarise Allow students to practice tests prior to testing day Encourage students to track results over time using a personal profile Feedback Encourage Motivate students to perform to the best of their ability Provide feedback, encourage students to reflect & set goals Delivery PURPOSE DON T USE TESTS IN ISOLATION, LINK WITH PE CURRICULUM Avoid Perform using a station format, in small groups Announcing or publicly displaying all students results O Keeffe, B. (2018)
APPROPRIATE AND INAPPROPRIATE USES O Keeffe, B. (2018)
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE MEASUREMENT ALL RESEARCH IS BASED ON PRECISE & CONSISTENT MEASUREMENT EFFECTIVE MEASUREMENT (LAB + FIELD) DEPENDS ON THE FOLLOWING: VALIDITY: DOES IT MEASURE WHAT IT INTENDS TO MEASURE RELIABILITY: ARE THE TEST RESULTS REPRODUCIBLE AT DIFFERENT TIMES & IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS. OBJECTIVITY: DOES THE TEST YIELD THE SAME SCORES FROM DIFFERENT EVALUATORS. SAFETY: NO TEST SHOULD IN ANY WAY LEAD TO A POSSIBLE INJURY TO THE PARTICIPANT INVOLVED. PRACTICALITY: USEFULNESS OF A TEST ..TIME, COST, EQUIPMENT ETC. SENSITIVITY: THE EXTENT TO WHICH AN ASSESSMENT CAN DISTINGUISH BETWEEN TWO SIMILAR PERFORMANCES.
FITNESS TESTING: LAB VS PE SETTING Component Lab Setting PE Setting PE Setting Alternative Cardio-respiratory Endurance Ability of the heart to pump O2 to the working muscles. VO2 Max Test 20m Shuttle Run (Bleep Test) *Suggestions later 12 minute Cooper Run/Walk Muscular Strength The maximum force that can be generated through a given range of motion. Bio-dex Knee Extensor Dynamometer Upper = Handgrip Strength Upper = Med/Basketball throw Lower = Standing Long Jump 1 Rep Max Tests Lower = Vertical Jump Muscular Endurance The ability of the muscles to sustain repeated contractions. Bio-dex Knee Extensor Dynamometer Plank Hold 90 Push-Up Body Composition The ratio of lean body mass to fat mass. DEXA Scan Body Mass index (Body Mass & Height) BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) Flexibility Goniometer Sit & Reach Goniometer The ability to move a joint through a full range of motion. Shoulder Stretch
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA FOR PORTFOLIOS IN SCPE SCPE Framework, P32
HEALTH RELATED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY THE OBJECTIVES OF SENIOR CYCLE PHYSICAL EDUCATION ADDRESSED IN HRPA ARE TO SUPPORT LEARNERS IN: - UNDERSTANDING AND COMMITTING TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WHICH DEVELOPS HEALTH-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS - PARTICIPATING IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BOTH INSIDE AND BEYOND THE SCHOOL - ACTING AS INFORMED PARTICIPANTS IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY - EXAMINING THE VALUE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS.
HRPA ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF HEALTH-RELATED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ARE AS FOLLOWS: - STUDY OF CONCEPTS STUDENTS LEARN ABOUT FITNESS AND HEALTH AND WELLNESS CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES - LIFETIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES LEARNERS PARTICIPATE IN LIFETIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES - PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND WELLNESS APPRECIATION LEARNERS CONSIDER THE IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPING AND MAINTAINING ADEQUATE LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND GOOD NUTRITIONAL PRACTICES - PERSONAL ACTIVITY PROGRAMME PLANNING LEARNERS DEVELOP THE KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND SKILLS TO PLAN AND EXECUTE PERSONAL ACTIVITY PROGRAMMES.
USING HRPA LEARNING OUTCOMES A SAMPLE PRACTICAL ACTIVITY LO3 - MONITOR THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES DESIGNED TO ENHANCE ONE OR MORE HEALTH- RELATED FITNESS COMPONENTS USING THE FITT FORMULA (FREQUENCY, INTENSITY, TIME AND TYPE) LO4 - DISCUSS THE BENEFITS OF REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY THAT THEY HAVE EXPERIENCED AS A RESULT OF THEIR PARTICIPATION LO10 - USE THEIR PERSONAL PHYSICAL FITNESS RESULTS TO PLAN AND IMPLEMENT AN EFFECTIVE, ENJOYABLE AND BALANCED FITNESS PROGRAMME WHICH AIMS TO IMPROVE HEALTH-RELATED/ PERFORMANCE-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS LO11 - PLAN A PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAMME DESIGNED TO ENHANCE HEALTH- RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS FOR AN INDIVIDUAL WITH AN ACTIVITY PROFILE DIFFERENT TO THEIR OWN (SENIOR CYCLE PE FRAMEWORK, Page 20)
HEALTH-RELATED VS PERFORMANCE-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS (HRF) INVOLVES DEVELOPING POSITIVE VALUES AND ATTITUDES, HEALTH AND WELL-BEING AS WELL AS THE PROMOTION OF LIFELONG PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. IT S COMPONENTS ARE: CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE, MUSCULAR STRENGTH, MUSCULAR ENDURANCE, FLEXIBILITY, AND BODY COMPOSITION. PERFORMANCE-RELATED FITNESS (PRF) INVOLVES SKILLS THAT WILL ENHANCE ONE S PERFORMANCE IN ATHLETIC OR SPORTING EVENTS. PERFORMANCE-RELATED FITNESS COMPONENTS INCLUDE: AGILITY, BALANCE, COORDINATION, SPEED, POWER AND REACTION TIME. (QUEST FOR HEALTH & PHYSICAL EDUCATION, 2015)
MONITORING FITNESS - CATEGORIES Performance Related Fitness HEALTH RELATED FITNESS - - Agility CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE - - Balance BODY COMPOSITION - - Power MUSCULAR STRENGTH - - Reaction Time MUSCULAR ENDURANCE - - Coordination FLEXIBILITY - Speed
GOAL SETTING & DEVELOPING IMPROVEMENT PLANS LO3 - MONITOR THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES DESIGNED TO ENHANCE ONE OR MORE HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS COMPONENTS USING THE FITT FORMULA (FREQUENCY, INTENSITY, TIME AND TYPE) LO4 - DISCUSS THE BENEFITS OF REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY THAT THEY HAVE EXPERIENCED AS A RESULT OF THEIR PARTICIPATION LO10 - USE THEIR PERSONAL PHYSICAL FITNESS RESULTS TO PLAN AND IMPLEMENT AN EFFECTIVE, ENJOYABLE AND BALANCED FITNESS PROGRAMME WHICH AIMS TO IMPROVE HEALTH-RELATED/ PERFORMANCE-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS LO11 - PLAN A PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAMME DESIGNED TO ENHANCE HEALTH- RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS FOR AN INDIVIDUAL WITH AN ACTIVITY PROFILE DIFFERENT TO THEIR OWN
THE FITT FORMULA FREQUENCY: REFERS TO THE FREQUENCY OF EXERCISE UNDERTAKEN OR HOW OFTEN YOU EXERCISE INTENSITY: REFERS TO THE INTENSITY OF EXERCISE UNDERTAKEN OR HOW HARD YOU EXERCISE TIME: REFERS TO THE TIME YOU SPEND EXERCISING OR HOW LONG YOU EXERCISE FOR TYPE: REFERS TO THE TYPE OF EXERCISE UNDERTAKEN OR WHAT KIND OF EXERCISE YOU DO
Key Considerations for HRPA in my Classroom Models Essential Elements Learning outcomes School Culture Learner Centred What will HRPA look like in my classroom?
