Grammar Essentials for 9th Grade English Review
Delve into the key components of sentence structure, including subjects, verbs, and complete thoughts. Explore common errors like fragments, run-on sentences, and comma splices. Learn about phrases, prepositional phrases, participles, and participial phrases, essential for understanding grammar at the 9th-grade level.
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THE GREAT GRAMMAR REVIEW 9THGRADE ENGLISH
WHAT ARE THE THREE COMPONENTS OF A SENTENCE? 1. A subject 2. A verb 3. A complete thought!
THE FRAGMENT A sentence fragment isn t a sentence because it s missing a subject, a verb, or a complete thought. Since the school year is over. Which vanished into thin air. Slaying each and every suitor!
THE RUN-ON A run-on sentence contains two or more sentences with no punctuation. Which of the following isn t a run-on? The suitors believe Odysseus is dead he s not! The suitors believe Odysseus is dead however he s not! The suitors believe Odysseus is dead, but he s not!
THE COMMA SPLICE A comma splice occurs when you try to separate two sentences with a comma. Montagues hate Capulets, Capulets hate Montagues. Friar John loves delivering mail, he has a donkey who just won t quit. Piggy and Ralph want off the island, Jack wants to build a vacation home.
THE PHRASE What is it? A group of related words that acts as a part-of- speech but does not contain a subject and a verb.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES Prepositional phrases begin with a preposition and end with a noun or pronoun called the object of the preposition. The plane went___the cloud. The boy with fair hair lowered himself down the last few feet of rock and began to pick his way toward the lagoon. The boy with fair hair lowered himself down the last few feet of rock and began to pick his way toward the lagoon.
THE PARTICIPLE A participle is a word that looks like a verb but acts like an adjective. It has specific endings such as ing, -ed, -en, -d, or t. The running boy. Shattered glass. Broken dreams.
THE PARTICIPIAL PHRASE A group of related words that begins with a participle and acts like one giant adjective! Moving at a breakneck speed, Friar John burst into flame. Rolled with a loving touch, the boulder launched Piggy into the ocean.
THE CLAUSE A group of related words that contains a subject and a verb and acts as part of a sentence. Two major kinds The independent clause stands on its own! The subordinate clause dependent on the independent clause for meaning.
THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE Squealer likes milk, and Napoleon likes apples. Benjamin has no interest in reading, and Boxer can t read a single word, but they are best of friends.
THE SUBORDINATE CLAUSE Even though it has a subject and a verb, it is dependent because subordinating conjunctions and relative pronouns make it dependent.
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS When, if, because, although, whenever, before, after, as, as soon as As soon as I saw the poop on my shoe, I If the naval officer hadn t shown up at the end of Lord of the Flies, Ralph
RELATIVE PRONOUNS Who, whom, whose, that, which I know that my shoe smells awful. Ralph, who is a very speedy fellow, ran out of island.
KINDS OF SENTENCES BY STRUCTURE: ITS ALL ABOUT THE CLAUSES BABY! Simple sentence: one independent clause Tybalt killed Mercutio under Romeo s arm. Compond sentence: two or more independent clauses Tybalt killed Mercutio, and then Romeo slew the Rat Catcher.
KINDS OF SENTENCES BY STRUCTURE: CLAUSES BABY! Complex sentence: one independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses When Tybalt killed Mercutio, Romeo got pissed and shived that Cap! Compound-complex sentence: two or more independent clauses and one or more subordinate clause When Tybalt killed Mercutio, Romeo got pissed, and he shived that Capulet sucker!
LETS FIND STUFF! They set off again, the hunters bunched a little by fear of the mentioned beast, while Jack quested ahead. They went more slowly than Ralph had bargained for; yet in a way he was glad to loiter, cradling his spear.
