Genetic Engineering: A Journey into Manipulating Organisms
Secondary Education
Secondary Education
Grade 11
Grade 11
Second
Second
S
S
emester
emester
Eng. 202: New Language Leader
Unit 9: Engineering
( Lesson 9.1 ) : From engine to engineer
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
-
create questions for a text.
- write a short paragraph about the impact of engineering.
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Introduction
What are the types of engineering you
know?
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Suggested Answer
What are the types of engineering you know?
•
1- Chemical engineering.
•
2- Civil engineering.
•
3- Computer engineering.
•
4- Agricultural engineering.
•
5- Genetic engineering.
•
6- Electronic engineering.
•
7-Biological engineering.
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Task 1
What if this same mosquito is used to prevent the spread of diseases?
In a field experiment in Cayman islands, this technique yielded about
85% reduction in the mosquito population in four months.
Genetic engineering refers to a fast-growing technology that enables
modifications in the genetic make up of an organism.
Genetic engineering is the technique that gives the power to desirably
manipulate the genome of an organism.
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Read
the text carefully, then fill in
the blanks
with the
statements
below.
Genetic Engineering
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
. This ability has been explored and
experimented in several organisms, some of which have been
commercialized whereas the practical applications of some are being
tested.
The first genetically modified organism was created by Herbert Boyer and
Stanley Cohen in 1973. It was the bacterium
Escherichia coli
that
contained genes for antibiotic resistance.
1
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
TEXT
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
. This includes addition of
new gene(s), deletion of gene(s) or even manipulation of the existing genes
to introduce or get rid of specific traits and characteristics. The resultant
organisms, containing a genome altered in such a way, are collectively
termed as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In case of manipulation
by addition of genes, the organisms which contain genes added from a
different variety of the same species are called CIS genic organisms;
whereas those containing genes from a foreign species are called
transgenic organisms. Since the first successful attempt in 1973, several
organisms were experimented with, giving rise to several interesting genetic
engineering examples. One of the significant ones is described next.
2
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Disease - preventing mosquitoes
Mosquito is considered to be the most dangerous insect. It has killed more
humans than any other animal as well as killed more humans than even
wars and plagues.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------
Aedes aegypti is the mosquito species responsible for the spread of
dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya. An interesting fact about them is
that only females can bite and thus transfer the virus. A single female lays
about 500 eggs in her lifetime.
On the other hand, the male mosquito cannot bite since it does not have
the mouth parts for biting. The more important fact about this male is that it
is exceptionally adept at finding the female mosquitoes. Taking advantage
of these two properties, scientists at Oxford University developed a male
mosquito that carries a gene which results in the death of its offspring.
3
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A production unit at Oxford is being developed to produce such
mosquitoes on a larger scale with plans of producing about 20 million
mosquitoes in a single week.
Genetic engineering has opened up an array of approaches to tackle
several challenges that are not just limited to the medical community.
However, this technology has to cross several hurdles including safety
concerns, stability of the resultant GMOs, transfer of genes into the wild,
as well as ethical and social issues.
4
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering is the technique that gives the power to desirably
manipulate the genome of an organism
. This ability has been explored
and experimented in several organisms, some of which have been
commercialized whereas the practical applications of some are being
tested.
The first genetically modified organism was created by Herbert Boyer and
Stanley Cohen in 1973. It was the bacterium Escherichia coli that
contained genes for antibiotic resistance.
1
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
MODEL ANSWERS
Genetic engineering refers to a fast-growing technology that enables
modifications in the genetic make up of an organism
. This includes addition
of new gene(s), deletion of gene(s) or even manipulation of the existing
genes to introduce or get rid of specific traits and characteristics. The
resultant organisms, containing a genome altered in such a way, are
collectively termed as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In case of
manipulation by addition of genes, the organisms which contain genes
added from a different variety of the same species are called CIS genic
organisms; whereas those containing genes from a foreign species are
called transgenic organisms. Since the first successful attempt in 1973,
several organisms were experimented with, giving rise to several interesting
genetic engineering examples. One of the significant ones is described next.
2
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Disease - preventing mosquitoes
Mosquito is considered to be the most dangerous insect. It has killed more
humans than any other animal as well as killed more humans than even
wars and plagues.
What if this same mosquito is used to prevent the spread
of diseases?
Aedes aegypti is the mosquito species responsible for the spread of
dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya. An interesting fact about them is
that only females can bite and thus transfer the virus. A single female lays
about 500 eggs in her lifetime.
On the other hand, the male mosquito cannot bite since it does not have
the mouth parts for biting. The more important fact about this male is that it
is exceptionally adept at finding the female mosquitoes. Taking advantage
of these two properties, scientists at Oxford University developed a male
mosquito that carries a gene which results in the death of its offspring.
3
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
In a field experiment in Cayman islands, this technique yielded about
85% reduction in the mosquito population in four months.
A production unit at Oxford University is being developed to produce
such mosquitoes on a larger scale with plans of producing about 20
million mosquitoes in a single week.
Genetic engineering has opened up an array of approaches to tackle
several challenges that are not just limited to the medical community.
However, this technology has to cross several hurdles including safety
concerns, stability of the resultant GMOs, transfer of genes into the wild,
as well as ethical and social issues.
4
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Task 2: Write questions for these answers.
1
2
The first genetically
modified organism was
created by Herbert Boyer
and Stanley Cohen in
1973.
The organisms that contain genes added from a different variety of the
same species are called CIS genic organisms.
The male mosquito can
not bite since it does not
have the mouth parts for
biting.
3
A production unit at Oxford is being
developed to produce such mosquitoes on
a larger scale with plans of producing
about 20 million mosquitoes in a single
week.
4
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
D--------------------------------------------------------
C--------------------------------------------------------
B---------------------------------------------------------
A---------------------------------------------------------
MODEL ANSWERS / Task 2 : Write questions for these answers.
1
2
The first genetically
modified organism was
created by Herbert Boyer
and Stanley Cohen in
1973.
The organisms that contain genes added from a different variety of the
same species are called CIS genic organisms.
The male mosquito can
not bite since it does not
have the mouth parts for
biting.
3
A production unit at Oxford University is
being developed to produce such
mosquitoes on a larger scale with plans of
producing about 20 million mosquitoes in a
single week.
4
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
D-How many mosquitoes is the production unit expected to
produce per week?
C- Why is the male mosquito unable to bite?
B-What is the name of the organisms which contain genes
added from a different variety of the same species?
A-When was the first genetically modified organism created?
Assessment
What do these numbers refer to? Try to recall the
information in the text that you have just read.
1973 ------------------------------------
20,000,000 ------------------------------------
500 ------------------------------------
85% ------------------------------------
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
What do these numbers refer to? Try to recall the
information in the text that you have just read.
Model Answers
1973
The year in which the first genetically modified organism was created
by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1973
20,000,000
The target number of mosquitoes to be produced every week by a
production unit at Oxford
University.
500
The number of eggs a
single female lays in her lifetime
.
85%
The percentage of reduction in the mosquito population in
four months.
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Write a
short paragraph
about how has
engineering
improved people’s lives in
one
of these sectors,
health, communication, or technology.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Writing
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Model Writing
The Impact of Engineering on Communication
Engineering has improved communication in different ways. To start with, the
improvement in telecommunications has resulted in a better quality of life. For instance,
Satellite TV, cell phones, computers and the internet have enabled us to be instantly
informed about what is taking place around the world. Additionally, thanks to engineers
and their amazing inventions, one can easily communicate with their friends,
family members or colleagues at work wherever they are at a very low cost. Last but not
least, engineering has greatly improved the way businesses can communicate with their
customers. It has opened up new horizons for companies to ameliorate their marketing
policies, be close to their clients and up-to-date them of any new products or offers. All
in all, engineering has played a key role in connecting the world and making it a better
place to live.
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
This is the end of the lesson.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng.
202
– Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Delve into the world of genetic engineering, where organisms' genetic makeup is altered for various purposes. Discover the process of modification, the history of genetic manipulation, and the impact of genetically modified organisms on society and science.
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Presentation Transcript
Secondary Education Grade 11 Second Semester Eng. 202: New Language Leader Unit 9: Engineering ( Lesson 9.1 ) : From engine to engineer
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to: - create questions for a text. - write a short paragraph about the impact of engineering. Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Introduction What are the types of engineering you know? Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Suggested Answer What are the types of engineering you know? 1- Chemical engineering. 2- Civil engineering. 3- Computer engineering. 4- Agricultural engineering. 5- Genetic engineering. 6- Electronic engineering. 7-Biological engineering. Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Read the text carefully, then fill in the blanks with the statements below. Task 1 In a field experiment in Cayman islands, this technique yielded about 85% reduction in the mosquito population in four months. Genetic engineering refers to a fast-growing technology that enables modifications in the genetic make up of an organism. Genetic engineering is the technique that gives the power to desirably manipulate the genome of an organism. What if this same mosquito is used to prevent the spread of diseases? Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
TEXT Genetic Engineering 1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------. This ability has been explored and experimented in several organisms, some of which have been commercialized whereas the practical applications of some are being tested. The first genetically modified organism was created by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1973. It was the bacterium Escherichia coli that contained genes for antibiotic resistance. Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------. This includes addition of new gene(s), deletion of gene(s) or even manipulation of the existing genes to introduce or get rid of specific traits and characteristics. The resultant organisms, containing a genome altered in such a way, are collectively termed as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In case of manipulation by addition of genes, the organisms which contain genes added from a different variety of the same species are called CIS genic organisms; whereas those containing genes from a foreign species are called transgenic organisms. Since the first successful attempt in 1973, several organisms were experimented with, giving rise to several interesting genetic engineering examples. One of the significant ones is described next. Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Disease - preventing mosquitoes Mosquito is considered to be the most dangerous insect. It has killed more humans than any other animal as well as killed more humans than even wars and plagues. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- Aedes aegypti is the mosquito species responsible for the spread of dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya. An interesting fact about them is that only females can bite and thus transfer the virus. A single female lays about 500 eggs in her lifetime. On the other hand, the male mosquito cannot bite since it does not have the mouth parts for biting. The more important fact about this male is that it is exceptionally adept at finding the female mosquitoes. Taking advantage of these two properties, scientists at Oxford University developed a male mosquito that carries a gene which results in the death of its offspring. 3 Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A production unit at Oxford is being developed to produce such mosquitoes on a larger scale with plans of producing about 20 million mosquitoes in a single week. Genetic engineering has opened up an array of approaches to tackle several challenges that are not just limited to the medical community. However, this technology has to cross several hurdles including safety concerns, stability of the resultant GMOs, transfer of genes into the wild, as well as ethical and social issues. Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
MODEL ANSWERS Genetic Engineering 1 Genetic engineering is the technique that gives the power to desirably manipulate the genome of an organism. This ability has been explored and experimented in several organisms, some of which have been commercialized whereas the practical applications of some are being tested. The first genetically modified organism was created by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1973. It was the bacterium Escherichia coli that contained genes for antibiotic resistance. Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
2 Genetic engineering refers to a fast-growing technology that enables modifications in the genetic make up of an organism. This includes addition of new gene(s), deletion of gene(s) or even manipulation of the existing genes to introduce or get rid of specific traits and characteristics. The resultant organisms, containing a genome altered in such a way, are collectively termed as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In case of manipulation by addition of genes, the organisms which contain genes added from a different variety of the same species are called CIS genic organisms; whereas those containing genes from a foreign species are called transgenic organisms. Since the first successful attempt in 1973, several organisms were experimented with, giving rise to several interesting genetic engineering examples. One of the significant ones is described next. Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Disease - preventing mosquitoes Mosquito is considered to be the most dangerous insect. It has killed more humans than any other animal as well as killed more humans than even wars and plagues. What if this same mosquito is used to prevent the spread of diseases? Aedes aegypti is the mosquito species responsible for the spread of dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya. An interesting fact about them is that only females can bite and thus transfer the virus. A single female lays about 500 eggs in her lifetime. On the other hand, the male mosquito cannot bite since it does not have the mouth parts for biting. The more important fact about this male is that it is exceptionally adept at finding the female mosquitoes. Taking advantage of these two properties, scientists at Oxford University developed a male mosquito that carries a gene which results in the death of its offspring. 3 Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
4 In a field experiment in Cayman islands, this technique yielded about 85% reduction in the mosquito population in four months. A production unit at Oxford University is being developed to produce such mosquitoes on a larger scale with plans of producing about 20 million mosquitoes in a single week. Genetic engineering has opened up an array of approaches to tackle several challenges that are not just limited to the medical community. However, this technology has to cross several hurdles including safety concerns, stability of the resultant GMOs, transfer of genes into the wild, as well as ethical and social issues. Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Task 2: Write questions for these answers. A production unit at Oxford is being developed to produce such mosquitoes on a larger scale with plans of producing about 20 million mosquitoes in a single week. 4 1 The first genetically modified organism was created by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1973. The organisms that contain genes added from a different variety of the same species are called CIS genic organisms. 2 The male mosquito can not bite since it does not have the mouth parts for biting. A--------------------------------------------------------- 3 B--------------------------------------------------------- C-------------------------------------------------------- D-------------------------------------------------------- Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
MODEL ANSWERS / Task 2 : Write questions for these answers. A production unit at Oxford University is being developed mosquitoes on a larger scale with plans of producing about 20 million mosquitoes in a single week. 4 1 The first genetically modified organism was created by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1973. to produce such The organisms that contain genes added from a different variety of the same species are called CIS genic organisms. 2 The male mosquito can not bite since it does not have the mouth parts for biting. A-When was the first genetically modified organism created? 3 B-What is the name of the organisms which contain genes added from a different variety of the same species? C- Why is the male mosquito unable to bite? D-How many mosquitoes is the production unit expected to produce per week? Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Assessment What do these numbers refer to? Try to recall the information in the text that you have just read. 20,000,000 ------------------------------------ 500 ------------------------------------ 85% ------------------------------------ 1973 ------------------------------------ Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
What do these numbers refer to? Try to recall the information in the text that you have just read. Model Answers 20,000,000 The target number of mosquitoes to be produced every week by a production unit at Oxford University. 500 The number of eggs a single female lays in her lifetime. 85% The percentage of reduction in the mosquito population in four months. 1973 The year in which the first genetically modified organism was created by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1973 Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Writing Write a short paragraph about how has engineering improved people s lives in one of these sectors, health, communication, or technology. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
Model Writing The Impact of Engineering on Communication Engineering has improved communication in different ways. To start with, the improvement in telecommunications has resulted in a better quality of life. For instance, Satellite TV, cell phones, computers and the internet have enabled us to be instantly informed about what is taking place around the world. Additionally, thanks to engineers and their amazing inventions, one can easily communicate with their friends, family members or colleagues at work wherever they are at a very low cost. Last but not least, engineering has greatly improved the way businesses can communicate with their customers. It has opened up new horizons for companies to ameliorate their marketing policies, be close to their clients and up-to-date them of any new products or offers. All in all, engineering has played a key role in connecting the world and making it a better place to live. Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
This is the end of the lesson. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Ministry of Education Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 Lesson 9.1: Engineering
