Forms of Government Today
Chapter 1
PRINCIPLES OF
GOVERNMENT
Section 2 – Forms of Government
1
GUIDING QUESTION:
•
What are some forms of
government in the world
today?
2
OBJECTIVES
•
Classify governments according to 3 sets of
characteristics.
•
Define systems of government based on who can
participate.
•
Identify different ways that power can be distributed,
geographically, within a state.
•
Describe a government by how power is distributed
between the executive branch and the legislative branch.
3
In Brief:
•
Each government is unique, but governments can be
grouped into categories according to 3 sets of
characteristics.
•
Democratic governments rely on the participation of the
people, while dictatorships concentrate power in the
hands of a few.
•
The distribution of power between local governments &
a central government determines whether a government
is unitary, federal, or confederate.
•
Presidential governments divide power among several
branches of government, while parliamentary
governments focus power in one dominant branch.
4
FACTS:
•
Political scientists classify governments based on
•
who participates (# of people participating in the
governmental process),
•
geographic distribution of power, and
•
the relationship between the legislative and executive.
•
In a democracy, supreme authority rests with the people.
In representative democracies, citizens choose
representatives who act on their behalf.
•
In dictatorships, rulers are not accountable to the people.
5
ENDURING
UNDERSTANDINGS:
•
The geographic distribution of power determines
whether a government is unitary, federal, or
confederate.
•
In presidential government, the executive &
legislative branches share power.
•
In parliamentary government, the legislative
branch dominates.
6
Terms to Know:
•
Autocracy -
A form of government in which a single
person holds unlimited power.
•
Oligarchy -
A form of government in which the power to
rule is held by a small, usually self-appointed elite.
•
Unitary Government -
A centralized government in
which all government powers belong to a single, central
agency.
•
Federal Government -
A form of government in which
powers are divided between a central government and
several local governments.
7
Terms to Know:
•
Division of Powers -
Basic principle of federalism; the
constitutional provisions by which governmental powers
are divided on a geographic basis (in the United States,
between the National Government and the States)
•
Confederation -
A joining of several groups for a
common purpose.
•
Presidential Government -
A form of government in
which the executive and legislative branches of the
government are separate, independent, and coequal.
•
Parliamentary Government -
A form of government in
which the executive branch is made up of the prime
minister, or premier, and that official’s cabinet.
8
You can group most of the world’s
governments into categories by asking
3 specific questions about each
government.
For example:
The U.S. is a democracy with a federal and
presidential
system of government.
9
3 Questions to Classify
Governments:
•
Who can participate in the governing
process?
•
How is the government’s power
distributed geographically within the
state?
•
What is the relationship between the
legislative (lawmaking) and the executive
(law-executing) branches of government?
10
Continuing with the U.S. Example:
The US is a
representative democracy
(republic)… Voters
elect representatives to act on their behalf in government.
The government acts on behalf of the people and gets its
power from them.
The US has a
federal
government… Power is divided
among the national (federal) government and state (local)
governments.
(Federalism)
The US national government
power is divided among the
branches of government
… The executive and legislative
branches are separate, independent, and coequal.
11
In a democracy…
the government is
responsible to the
people (the people it
governs).
12
In a dictatorship…
the government is responsible to
NO ONE.
* The person(s) in power has
(have) the final authority.
13
What’s the difference between
an autocracy & an oligarchy?
•
In an autocracy a single person holds
the power - unlimited political power.
•
In an oligarchy a small group (usually
self-appointed elite) holds the power.
14
15
Government may take a presidential
or parliamentary form.
PRESIDENTIAL
•
Each branch is
independent
and coequal
.
PARLIAMENTARY
•
The executive
consists of
members of the
legislative
branch.
16
Governments can also be classified
by WHO can participate.
DICTATORSHIP
•
NOT accountable
to the people
DEMOCRACY
•
People hold
political authority
directly or through
representatives.
17
Different forms of government exist in the world today, classified based on characteristics like participation, power distribution, and branches of power. Democracies emphasize people's involvement, while dictatorships concentrate power. Governments can be unitary, federal, or confederate, and power distribution varies between executive and legislative branches. Political scientists categorize governments by participation, power distribution, and executive-legislative relationship. Understanding these distinctions helps grasp how governments function globally.
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Presentation Transcript
Chapter 1 PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT Section 2 Forms of Government 1
GUIDING QUESTION: What are some forms of government in the world today? 2
OBJECTIVES Classify governments according to 3 sets of characteristics. Define systems of government based on who can participate. Identify different ways that power can be distributed, geographically, within a state. Describe a government by how power is distributed between the executive branch and the legislative branch. 3
In Brief: Each government is unique, but governments can be grouped into categories according to 3 sets of characteristics. Democratic governments rely on the participation of the people, while dictatorships concentrate power in the hands of a few. The distribution of power between local governments & a central government determines whether a government is unitary, federal, or confederate. Presidential governments divide power among several branches of government, while parliamentary governments focus power in one dominant branch. 4
FACTS: Political scientists classify governments based on who participates (# of people participating in the governmental process), geographic distribution of power, and the relationship between the legislative and executive. In a democracy, supreme authority rests with the people. In representative democracies, citizens choose representatives who act on their behalf. In dictatorships, rulers are not accountable to the people. 5
ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS: The geographic distribution of power determines whether a government is unitary, federal, or confederate. In presidential government, the executive & legislative branches share power. In parliamentary government, the legislative branch dominates. 6
Terms to Know: Autocracy - A form of government in which a single person holds unlimited power. Oligarchy - A form of government in which the power to rule is held by a small, usually self-appointed elite. Unitary Government - A centralized government in which all government powers belong to a single, central agency. Federal Government - A form of government in which powers are divided between a central government and several local governments. 7
Terms to Know: Division of Powers - Basic principle of federalism; the constitutional provisions by which governmental powers are divided on a geographic basis (in the United States, between the National Government and the States) Confederation - A joining of several groups for a common purpose. Presidential Government - A form of government in which the executive and legislative branches of the government are separate, independent, and coequal. Parliamentary Government - A form of government in which the executive branch is made up of the prime minister, or premier, and that official s cabinet. 8
You can group most of the worlds governments into categories by asking 3 specific questions about each government. For example: The U.S. is a democracy with a federal and presidential system of government. 9
3 Questions to Classify Governments: Who can participate in the governing process? How is the government s power distributed geographically within the state? What is the relationship between the legislative (lawmaking) and the executive (law-executing) branches of government? 10
Continuing with the U.S. Example: The US is a representative democracy (republic) Voters elect representatives to act on their behalf in government. The government acts on behalf of the people and gets its power from them. The US has a federalgovernment Power is divided among the national (federal) government and state (local) governments. (Federalism) The US national government power is divided among the branches of government The executive and legislative branches are separate, independent, and coequal. 11
In a democracy the government is responsible to the people (the people it governs). 12
In a dictatorship the government is responsible to NO ONE. * The person(s) in power has (have) the final authority. 13
Whats the difference between an autocracy & an oligarchy? In an autocracy a single person holds the power - unlimited political power. In an oligarchy a small group (usually self-appointed elite) holds the power. 14
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS OF POWER Type of Government Explanation/Description of Power Example UNITARY The central government create local units of government for its own convenience. Those local governments have only those powers that the central government chooses to give them. Great Britain FEDERAL An authority superior to BOTH the central and local government (Constitution) makes this division of powers on a geographic basis and that division cannot be changed by either the local or national level acting alone. Both levels act directly on the people through their own set of laws, officials, and agencies. United States European Union CONFED- ERATE An alliance of independent states; A central organization has the power to handle only those matters that the member states have assigned to it; Typically have had limited powers and only in such fields as defense & foreign affairs; Typically do not have power to make laws that apply directly to individuals (at least not without further action by member states). Rare today. 15
Government may take a presidential or parliamentary form. PRESIDENTIAL Each branch is independent and coequal. PARLIAMENTARY The executive consists of members of the legislative branch. 16
Governments can also be classified by WHO can participate. DICTATORSHIP DEMOCRACY People hold political authority directly or through representatives. NOT accountable to the people 17
