Field Tests on Efficacy of Nes in Controlling Powdery Mildew & Mites in Apples

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Field trials conducted by Dr. Hadass Cohen in Northern Israel evaluated the effectiveness of Nes in controlling powdery mildew and mites on apple trees. The tests compared Nes with commercial treatments and control groups, monitoring disease presence and severity on apple leaves. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the results, showing promising outcomes in reducing infestation levels. Detailed methods and results are presented in the study.

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NES EFFICACY IN CONTROLING POWDERY MILDEW & MITES SUMMERY OF FIELD TESTS IN APPLES BY Dr. Hadass Cohen

Control of Powdery Mildew of Apples, Podosphaera leucotricha, by Nes infested non- infested

Field Trial I - Northern Israel Materials & Methods Crop:Apple Variety: Galaxy Location: Golan Heights, Nisanov s orchards Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer Date of Applications: 19/05/05; 26/05/05 Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment Hexaconozole 0.04%, S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. 3. Nes 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante-M xico.

Materials & Methods - for all field trials Design of Experiment: randomized blocks, 3 treatments X 4 blocks, 4 trees per block. Monitoring Method: Five shoots with fresh leave, 20 cm long (7-9 leaves each), were randomly chosen within each block, from trees located in the center. Mildew infestation was evaluated in two different methods: 1) Presence of disease on leaves. Percentage of infested leaves out of total sample, was calculated for each treatment. 2) Degree of disease was determined according to a scale of mildew cover per leaf, as follow: 0.=clean; 1.=0.5-2% ; 2.= 2-10% ; 3.=10-30%; 4. =30%-50% ; 5.>50%. Average degree

Statistics: Data were analyzed by multifactorial analysis of variance, followed by pairwise comparisons with the SNK test. Data were transformed to square root (x+1) to stabilize their variance. A significant level of 0.05 was used for all statistical test. The Sigma Stat software was used for all statistical analysis.

Field Trial I Fig. 1 % infested leaves Application II a Application I control a a Hexaconazole . % Nes % b b b b / / / / / /

Field Trial I Fig. 1I Rate of infestation a . a a . control . Hexaconazole . % Nes % a a b b . . b b - . / / / / / /

Field Trial II - Northern Israel Materials & Methods Crop: Apple Variety: Golden Delicious Location: Golan Heights, Edri s orchards Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer Date of Applications: 29/05/05; 07/06/05 Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment Hexaconozole 0.04%, S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. 3. Nes 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante M xico.

Field Trial II Fig. I Application II %infestation Application I a a control Hexaconazole . Nes % a % b b b b / / / / / /

Field Trial II Fig. II rate of infestation . a a control a . Hexaconazole . % a Nes % . a b b . b b . / / / / / /

Field Trial III - Northern Israel Materials & Methods Crop: Galaxy Variety: Golden Delicious Location: Golan Heights, Nisanov s orchards Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer Date of Applications: 21/09/05; 31/09/05 Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment Hexaconozole 0.04%, S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. 3. Nes 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante- M xico.

Field Trial III Northern Israel preliminary infestation - / / % infested leaves days since last treatment - / / a a a a b b control Hexaconazole . % Nes %

Powdery Mildew of Apples Conclusions In field trials presented above Nes appears as a most efficient fungicide, in controlling apple powdery mildew. Nes performs the lowest rate of infestation, consistently, throughout all trials, when compared with the commercial treatment.

Control of Two Spotted Mite, Tetranychus urticae by NES, in Apple Orchards

Field Trial I - Northern Israel Materials & Methods Crop: Apple Variety: Starking Location: Golan Heights, Kibutz El-Rom Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer Date of Applications: 29/05/05; 05/06/05 Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment Hexaconozole 0.04%, S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. 3. Nes 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante-M xico.

Materials & Methods - for all field trials Design of Experiment: randomized blocks, 3 treatments X 4 blocks, 4 trees per block. Monitoring Method: 10 leaves were randomly chosen and checked for presence of live yellow mites of all stages. Average umber of mites was calculated for each treatment. Checks took place prior to both spray applications 7- 21days later, depending upon presence of natural enemies.

Field Trial I Fig. 1 no. mites per leaf a / / / / / / a a a a b b b b control Cyhexatine . Nes % %

Field Trial II & III - Northern Israel Materials & Methods Crop: Apple Variety: Golden Delicious Location: Golan Heights, Edri s orchards Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer Date of Applications: 19/06/05; 26/06/05 Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment Hexaconozole 0.04%, S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. 3. Nes 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante-M xico.

Field Trial II Fig. 1 no. mites per leaf. a a a / / a / / a / / a / / b b b b b b control Cyhexatine . Nes % %

Field Trial III Fig. 1 no. mites per leaf. a a / / a a / / a / / a / / bbb b b control Cyhexatine . Nes % %

Field Trial IV- Northern Israel Materials & Methods Crop: Apple Variety: Golden Delicious Location: Golan Heights, EL-Rom orchards Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer Date of Application: 31/07/05 Tested Treatments: 1. Control, 2. Commercial treatment Hexaconozole 0.04%, S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. 3. Nes 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante-M xico.

Field Trial IV Fig. 1 no. mites per leaf. a / / / / / / a / / a a a a b b b b b control Cyhexatine . Nes % %

Yellow Mites in Apples Conclusions Nes appears as an effective acaricide, in suppressing yellow mite populations in apples, as presented in results above. Throughout all trials, Nes appears as a friendly pesticide towards natural enemies, mainly Stethorus gilvifrons (Coccinellidae), predator beetle of mites .