Fast Assistive Gaze Communication - Dwell-Free Methods
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PO Kristensson and K Vertanen
ACM 2012
Outline
•
Hands-free typing
•
Traditional dwell-based gaze typing
•
Dasher (adaptive dwell-time)
•
A dwell-free method
•
Brief project update
Hands-free typing
Gaze/eye typing
•
Typically keyboard-based
•
Require event demarcation, which is slow:
–
dwell-time (most common)
–
special region
–
special gesture
•
Appear to have approached limit: ~20 wpm
•
Fastest traditional eye-typing method
(Majaranta, 2009):
–
allows user to adjust dwell-time
–
19.8 wpm, 282 ms dwell-time
Dasher
•
Adaptive dwell-time
•
No explicit demarcation
•
16-26 wpm
Dasher
Dasher
•
Muscle memory impossible
potential of dwell-free methods?
"Ideal" performance
•
8 participants (4m, 4f)
•
Tobii P10, 40Hz, 0.5°
•
QWERTY keyboard, 15 x 6 cm
•
500 phrases, word = 5 chars
•
5 x 10 min sessions
•
Read phrase, press SPACE, start
•
Must be within 1 key of correct letter before
moving on
Results
•
37-54 wpm by last session (mean 46 wpm)
•
counted spaces in wpm (~29-37 wpm w/o)
•
~50% of the time, participants never went
inside actual key
To dwell or not to dwell
Future work
•
Memorize beforehand
•
Allow missed letters
•
Incorporate error correction
Summary
•
Current dwell-based methods seem to have
peaked
•
Dwell-free methods could speed up by 2x
•
These speeds not theoretically achievable
with dwell-based methods
Explore the cutting-edge technology of fast assistive gaze communication through dwell-free methods, revolutionizing hands-free typing for enhanced accessibility and communication. Discover innovative approaches like Dasher and EEG-based systems, promising faster typing speeds and improved user experience. Dive into the potential and future advancements in this exciting field.
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Presentation Transcript
The Potential of Dwell Dwell- -Free Eye Free Eye- -Typing for Fast Assistive Gaze Communication Gaze Communication Typing PO Kristensson and K Vertanen ACM 2012
Outline Hands-free typing Traditional dwell-based gaze typing Dasher (adaptive dwell-time) A dwell-free method Brief project update
Hands-free typing EEG voice eye
Gaze/eye typing Typically keyboard-based Require event demarcation, which is slow: dwell-time (most common) special region special gesture Appear to have approached limit: ~20 wpm Fastest traditional eye-typing method (Majaranta, 2009): allows user to adjust dwell-time 19.8 wpm, 282 ms dwell-time
Dasher Adaptive dwell-time No explicit demarcation 16-26 wpm
Dasher Muscle memory impossible
"Ideal" performance 8 participants (4m, 4f) Tobii P10, 40Hz, 0.5 QWERTY keyboard, 15 x 6 cm 500 phrases, word = 5 chars 5 x 10 min sessions Read phrase, press SPACE, start Must be within 1 key of correct letter before moving on
Results 37-54 wpm by last session (mean 46 wpm) counted spaces in wpm (~29-37 wpm w/o) ~50% of the time, participants never went inside actual key
Future work Memorize beforehand Allow missed letters Incorporate error correction
Summary Current dwell-based methods seem to have peaked Dwell-free methods could speed up by 2x These speeds not theoretically achievable with dwell-based methods
