Exploring Themes in 'A Christmas Carol' and GCSE Literature Paper 1: Insights and Analysis

Starter: Write down the below quotes and
label character (chapter? Start, middle, end)
 “Then the poor should die and decrease the surplus
population”
“I’ll raise your salary Bob and endeavour to assist your
struggling family”
“I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try keep it the
whole year round”
“The boy is ignorance, the girl is want. Beware them
both”
“Tell me Tiny Tim will live...”
“He was a tight-fisted fist at the grindstone”
Starter: Write down the below quotes and
label character (chapter? Start, middle, end)
 “Then the poor should die and decrease the surplus
population” – Scrooge, stave 1
“I’ll raise your salary Bob and endeavour to assist your
struggling family” – Scrooge, stave 5
“I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try keep it the
whole year round” – Scrooge, stave 4
“The boy is ignorance, the girl is want. Beware them
both” – Ghost of Christmas Present, stave 3
“Tell me Tiny Tim will live...” – Scrooge, stave 3
“He was a tight-fisted fist at the grindstone” – Dickens,
stave 1
 
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Learning Objectives:
- Understand the requirements for Lit Paper 1 essays
- Develop planning and resilience skills for Lit Paper 1
 
Date:
Skills:
- Textual analysis
- Planning / knowledge
recall
- Independent writing
GCSE Literature Paper 1 – 19
th
 Century: ACC
Key words:
poverty – 
lacking the means to satisfy basic human
needs (food/water, shelter, sanitation/health)
allegory 
- a story in which a character, place, or event is
used to deliver a broader message about real-world
issues
Writer's purpose 
– the key message that a writer is
trying to communicate through their writing
Key Dates
Teaching
W/c 8 March: ACC
w/c 15 March: ACC – KI
w/c 22 March:
Macbeth
 
Key Indicators – What are they all about?
 
What is a key indicator?
An AQA exam question completed in exam conditions within the classroom
Why are they so important?
They give us an indication of where your understanding is of that text. This allows your English teacher and Mrs
Faulkner to discuss your current attainment and potential predictions
What happens to all the marks?
The marks are entered onto a spreadsheet stored by Astrea Academy Trust. This data allows Mrs Faulkner and
SLT to track what you are achieving now and then predicts where you may end up. This data is crucial in the
process of predicting grades for the end of Y11.
What can I do to get the highest possible grade?
You need to work hard in the lessons, practicing the key skills and then revise the topics at home.
Key indicators will always be based on topics recently covered in class. Literature is all about KNOWLEDGE of
the text – steady revision = top grades
 
English Literature – Exam Formats
 
Paper 1
-
A Christmas Carol = Extract – 1
question
-
An Inspector Calls or Lord of the
Flies = NO EXTRACT but a choice
of 
two questions
 
Paper 2
-
Macbeth = Extract – 1 question
-
Unseen poetry = 2 printed
poems, 2 questions
 
Whichever text you are studying,
KNOWLEDGE IS KEY! Revise,
revise, revise…
3 key steps 
to prepare for the PERFECT
Literature essay
 
1.
Find the focus of the question what is it asking you to
do? – 
KEY WORDS??
2.
Read the extract and PLAN the essay: 
Highlight 
3 quotes
to use from the extract; write down 
3 parts 
from the rest
of novel that LINK to the question
3.
Write your 
CLAIM in your INTRODUCTION, 
clearly
answering the question AND making a link to the context
 
"If they would rather die," said Scrooge, "they had better do it,
and decrease the surplus population”. How does Dickens present
Victorian attitudes towards the poor?
Write about:
• how Dickens presents Victorian attitudes towards the poor in
this extract;
• how Dickens presents Victorian attitudes towards the poor in
the whole novel.
[30 marks]
“The KEY WORDS within a question are crucial because they
provide you with a 
FOCUS
 to your essay e.g. 
attitudes and
Victorian London 
are to be repeated throughout your essay,
especially within the first and last sentences of each
paragraph. However, a sign of a more developed response is
when the candidate explores the different connotations of
the key terms e.g. attitudes of the rich revealed through
ACTIONS and WORDS
. It is also worth examining 
different
characters
, as Scrooge is not the only wealthy Londoner that
we meet in the novella…
 
Advice from your exam board, AQA:
 
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Step 1: Key words – ?
This lunatic, in letting Scrooge's nephew out, had let two other people in.  They were portly
gentlemen, pleasant to behold, and now stood, with their hats off, in Scrooge's office.
"At this festive season of the year, Mr. Scrooge," said the gentleman, taking up a pen, "it is
more than usually desirable that we should make some slight provision for the Poor and
Destitute, who suffer greatly at the present time.  Many thousands are in want of common
necessaries; hundreds of thousands are in want of common comforts, sir."
"Are there no prisons?" asked Scrooge.
"Plenty of prisons," said the gentleman, laying down the pen again.
"And the Union workhouses?"  demanded Scrooge.  "Are they still in operation?"
"They are.  Still," returned the gentleman, "I wish I could say they were not."
"The Treadmill and the Poor Law are in full vigour, then?"  said Scrooge.
"Both very busy, sir."
"Oh!  I was afraid, from what you said at first, that something had occurred to stop them in
their useful course," said Scrooge.  "I'm very glad to hear it."
"Under the impression that they scarcely furnish Christian cheer of mind or body to the
multitude," returned the gentleman, "a few of us are endeavouring to raise a fund to buy
the Poor some meat and drink and means of warmth.  We choose this time, because it is a
time, of all others, when Want is keenly felt, and Abundance rejoices.  What shall I put you
down for?"
"Nothing!" Scrooge replied.
"You wish to be anonymous?"
"I wish to be left alone," said Scrooge.  "Since you ask me what I wish, gentlemen, that is my
answer.  I don't make merry myself at Christmas and I can't afford to make idle people
merry.  I help to support the establishments I have mentioned -- they cost enough; and
those who are badly off must go there."
"Many can't go there; and many would rather die."
"If they would rather die," said Scrooge, "they had better do it, and decrease the surplus
population”
 
Step 2: PLAN: Analyse the extract opposite
individually 
and 
annotate your own 
copy –
3 best quotes?
Now plan 3-4 other IMPORTANT parts
from the novella:
1.
X
2.
X
3.
X
"If they would rather die," said
Scrooge, "they had better do it, and
decrease the surplus population”. How
does Dickens present Victorian
attitudes towards the poor?
Write about:
• how Dickens presents Victorian
attitudes towards the poor in this
extract;
• how Dickens presents Victorian
attitudes towards the poor in the
whole novel.
[30 marks]
Essay Structure:
1)
Start with a focused introduction in response to the question asked –
make a clear claim stating your attitudes to the poor
2)
Write 4-5 detailed paragraphs:
         - 1 very detailed paragraph for the extract (3-4 quotes explored in
depth)
         - 3 more paragraphs from the rest of the novel (beginning, middle,
end) that show how attitudes develop through the novel – AND WHY
INTRODUCTION – A clear claim, sum up your essay’s argument
Dickens presents attitudes towards poverty in Victorian London as…
Dickens uses the characters of…
Through the story we see how attitudes can...
EXTRACT (3 quotes analysed in depth, methods explored)
In the extract it is clear to see in Stave 1 how Scrooge felt…
The quote “________________” shows the poor were..
Dickens uses the words “____________” to suggest….
Dickens shows the reader how the poor are…
 
 
ESSAY (3-4 parts of the rest of the story analysed)
In Stave 1, Dickens presents Bob as….
Essay: 
AO1, 
AO2, 
AO3
 
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A.
Show sustained focus on the task by using key word repeatedly
B.
Use a range of evidence from the extract (3+ quotes)
C.
Use the ‘suggests formula’ to explore the meaning and effect of
language
D.
Use subject terminology accurately once or twice in your response
E.
Show clear understanding of the wider plot by including detail
(quotes or precise detail) from throughout the story
F.
Make links to the context in which the writer was writing e.g.
Dickens uses the Cratchits to show how unfair Victorian London was
organised…
G.
Include personal opinion about the content and try to evaluate the
character or theme e.g. 
I felt much sympathy for Scrooge as child
because it shows why…
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Delve into the themes of poverty, generosity, and redemption through iconic quotes from "A Christmas Carol". Understand the key indicators for GCSE Literature Paper 1, focusing on allegory and writer's purpose. Learn how to achieve top grades through textual analysis and strategic revision.


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  1. Starter: Write down the below quotes and label character (chapter? Start, middle, end) Then the poor should die and decrease the surplus population I ll raise your salary Bob and endeavour to assist your struggling family I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try keep it the whole year round The boy is ignorance, the girl is want. Beware them both Tell me Tiny Tim will live... He was a tight-fisted fist at the grindstone

  2. Starter: Write down the below quotes and label character (chapter? Start, middle, end) Then the poor should die and decrease the surplus population Scrooge, stave 1 I ll raise your salary Bob and endeavour to assist your struggling family Scrooge, stave 5 I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try keep it the whole year round Scrooge, stave 4 The boy is ignorance, the girl is want. Beware them both Ghost of Christmas Present, stave 3 Tell me Tiny Tim will live... Scrooge, stave 3 He was a tight-fisted fist at the grindstone Dickens, stave 1

  3. GCSE Literature Paper 1 19th Century: ACC Date: Title: Title: Key Indicator Key Indicator Learning Objectives: - Understand the requirements for Lit Paper 1 essays - Develop planning and resilience skills for Lit Paper 1 Key Dates Teaching W/c 8 March: ACC w/c 15 March: ACC KI w/c 22 March: Macbeth Key words: poverty lacking the means to satisfy basic human needs (food/water, shelter, sanitation/health) allegory - a story in which a character, place, or event is used to deliver a broader message about real-world issues Writer's purpose the key message that a writer is trying to communicate through their writing Skills: - Textual analysis - Planning / knowledge recall - Independent writing

  4. Key Indicators What are they all about? What is a key indicator? An AQA exam question completed in exam conditions within the classroom Why are they so important? They give us an indication of where your understanding is of that text. This allows your English teacher and Mrs Faulkner to discuss your current attainment and potential predictions What happens to all the marks? The marks are entered onto a spreadsheet stored by Astrea Academy Trust. This data allows Mrs Faulkner and SLT to track what you are achieving now and then predicts where you may end up. This data is crucial in the process of predicting grades for the end of Y11. What can I do to get the highest possible grade? You need to work hard in the lessons, practicing the key skills and then revise the topics at home. Key indicators will always be based on topics recently covered in class. Literature is all about KNOWLEDGE of the text steady revision = top grades

  5. English Literature Exam Formats Paper 1 - A Christmas Carol = Extract 1 question - An Inspector Calls or Lord of the Flies = NO EXTRACT but a choice of two questions Paper 2 - Macbeth = Extract 1 question - Unseen poetry = 2 printed poems, 2 questions Whichever text you are studying, KNOWLEDGE IS KEY! Revise, revise, revise

  6. "If they would rather die," said Scrooge, "they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population . How does Dickens present Victorian attitudes towards the poor? Write about: how Dickens presents Victorian attitudes towards the poor in this extract; how Dickens presents Victorian attitudes towards the poor in the whole novel. [30 marks] 3 key steps to prepare for the PERFECT Literature essay 1. Find the focus of the question what is it asking you to do? KEY WORDS?? Read the extract and PLAN the essay: Highlight 3 quotes to use from the extract; write down 3 parts from the rest of novel that LINK to the question Write your CLAIM in your INTRODUCTION, clearly answering the question AND making a link to the context 2. 3.

  7. Advice from your exam board, AQA: The KEY WORDS within a question are crucial because they provide you with a FOCUS to your essay e.g. attitudes and Victorian London are to be repeated throughout your essay, especially within the first and last sentences of each paragraph. However, a sign of a more developed response is when the candidate explores the different connotations of the key terms e.g. attitudes of the rich revealed through ACTIONS and WORDS. It is also worth examining different characters, as Scrooge is not the only wealthy Londoner that we meet in the novella

  8. Final Assessment: A Christmas Carol Final Assessment: A Christmas Carol Exam conditions Exam conditions

  9. "If they would rather die," said Scrooge, "they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population . How does Dickens present Victorian attitudes towards the poor? Write about: how Dickens presents Victorian attitudes towards the poor in this extract; how Dickens presents Victorian attitudes towards the poor in the whole novel. [30 marks] This lunatic, in letting Scrooge's nephew out, had let two other people in. They were portly gentlemen, pleasant to behold, and now stood, with their hats off, in Scrooge's office. "At this festive season of the year, Mr. Scrooge," said the gentleman, taking up a pen, "it is more than usually desirable that we should make some slight provision for the Poor and Destitute, who suffer greatly at the present time. Many thousands are in want of common necessaries; hundreds of thousands are in want of common comforts, sir." "Are there no prisons?" asked Scrooge. "Plenty of prisons," said the gentleman, laying down the pen again. "And the Union workhouses?" demanded Scrooge. "Are they still in operation?" "They are. Still," returned the gentleman, "I wish I could say they were not." "The Treadmill and the Poor Law are in full vigour, then?" said Scrooge. "Both very busy, sir." "Oh! I was afraid, from what you said at first, that something had occurred to stop them in their useful course," said Scrooge. "I'm very glad to hear it." "Under the impression that they scarcely furnish Christian cheer of mind or body to the multitude," returned the gentleman, "a few of us are endeavouring to raise a fund to buy the Poor some meat and drink and means of warmth. We choose this time, because it is a time, of all others, when Want is keenly felt, and Abundance rejoices. What shall I put you down for?" "Nothing!" Scrooge replied. "You wish to be anonymous?" "I wish to be left alone," said Scrooge. "Since you ask me what I wish, gentlemen, that is my answer. I don't make merry myself at Christmas and I can't afford to make idle people merry. I help to support the establishments I have mentioned -- they cost enough; and those who are badly off must go there." "Many can't go there; and many would rather die." "If they would rather die," said Scrooge, "they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population Step 1: Key words ? Step 2: PLAN: Analyse the extract opposite individually and annotate your own copy 3 best quotes? Now plan 3-4 other IMPORTANT parts from the novella: 1. X 2. X 3. X

  10. Essay Structure: 1) Start with a focused introduction in response to the question asked make a clear claim stating your attitudes to the poor Write 4-5 detailed paragraphs: - 1 very detailed paragraph for the extract (3-4 quotes explored in depth) - 3 more paragraphs from the rest of the novel (beginning, middle, end) that show how attitudes develop through the novel AND WHY 2)

  11. Essay: AO1, AO2, AO3 INTRODUCTION A clear claim, sum up your essay s argument Dickens presents attitudes towards poverty in Victorian London as Dickens uses the characters of Through the story we see how attitudes can... EXTRACT (3 quotes analysed in depth, methods explored) In the extract it is clear to see in Stave 1 how Scrooge felt The quote ________________ shows the poor were.. Dickens uses the words ____________ to suggest . Dickens shows the reader how the poor are ESSAY (3-4 parts of the rest of the story analysed) In Stave 1, Dickens presents Bob as .

  12. Literature Component 1B: 19 Literature Component 1B: 19th th Century Prose Century Prose A.Show sustained focus on the task by using key word repeatedly B.Use a range of evidence from the extract (3+ quotes) C.Use the suggests formula to explore the meaning and effect of language D.Use subject terminology accurately once or twice in your response E.Show clear understanding of the wider plot by including detail (quotes or precise detail) from throughout the story F.Make links to the context in which the writer was writing e.g. Dickens uses the Cratchits to show how unfair Victorian London was organised G.Include personal opinion about the content and try to evaluate the character or theme e.g. I felt much sympathy for Scrooge as child because it shows why

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