Exploring Magnetic Properties of Matter
MAGNETIC
PROPERTIES
OF MATTER
So far on the topic of "Magnetic field"
•
Permanent magnet
•
The south and north pole of a magnet cannot
be separated
•
Magnetisation of objects
•
When current flows through a conductor, a magnetic field
is created
•
The magnetic field acts on a moving charge
W
h
e
r
e
d
o
e
s
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
c
o
m
e
f
r
o
m
?
?
...
Until
when?
What is a current?
Conductor
Electrons
with charge
Q
Current (over
time
t)
Planetary model of the atom
proton
electron
orbital
magnetic
moment
Planetary model of the atom
Spin magnetic
moment
S
p
i
n
Every magnetic field is
created by a charge in
motion!
Then why don't all materials have the
same magnetic properties
?
All materials
do not have
the same
atoms
Two
electrons
with opposite
spin
No net spin
magnetic
moment
S
o
m
e
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
d
o
h
a
v
e
a
n
e
t
s
p
i
n
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
m
o
m
e
n
t
Ferromagnetics
D
o
m
i
n
a
t
e
d
b
y
s
p
i
n
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
m
o
m
e
n
t
u
m
Strong atom-
atom
interactions
Z
o
n
e
s
a
r
e
c
r
e
a
t
e
d
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
r
e
c
a
l
l
e
d
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
d
o
m
a
i
n
s
MICROSCOPIC
(can be seen
with a
microscope)
Ferromagnetic
In an external
magnetic field
Domain
Back
Paramagnetics
D
o
m
i
n
a
t
e
d
b
y
o
r
b
i
t
a
l
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
m
o
m
e
n
t
Weak atom-
atom interacti
ons
No formation of
domains
Paramagnetic
In an external
magnetic fiels
Back
Diamagnetics
When not in a
magnetic field,
they do not show
any magnetic
properties
What happens
when the material
is in a magnetic
field
?
Diamagnetic
In an external
magnetic field
Back
Relative permeability
Magnetic
induction i
n the
material
Magnetic
induction in
free space
permeability of free space
relative permeability
This content delves into the magnetic properties of matter, covering topics such as permanent magnets, magnetization of objects, current flow in conductors, and the origin of magnetic fields. It explores the concepts of magnetic fields created by moving charges, the role of electrons in generating magnetic moments, and the classification of materials based on their magnetic behaviors. Additionally, it discusses the differences in magnetic properties among materials and the formation of magnetic domains in ferromagnetic substances.
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Presentation Transcript
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER
So far on the topic of "Magnetic field" Permanent magnet The south and north pole of a magnet cannot be separated Magnetisation of objects When current flows through a conductor, a magnetic field is created The magnetic field acts on a moving charge Where does the magnetic field come from??
Until when? ...
What is a current? Conductor ? =? ? Current (over time t) Electrons with charge Q
Planetary model of the atom orbital magnetic moment ? electron proton
Planetary model of the atom Spin magnetic moment ? Every magnetic field is created by a charge in motion! Spin
Then why don't all materials have the same magnetic properties? Two All materials do not have the same atoms electrons with opposite spin No net spin magnetic moment Some materials do have a net spin magnetic moment
Classification of materials C:\Users\Jana\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\Q70KVJ0H\large-Question-Mark-0-15073[1].gif ferromagnetics paramagnetics diamagnetics ferromagnetics paramagnetics diamagnetics iron( iron( Fe) bismuth(Bi) aluminium(Al) aluminium(Al) Fe) gadolinium(Gd) cobalt(Co) cobalt(Co) gadolinium(Gd) gadolinium(Gd) platinum(Pt) platinum(Pt) nickel( Ni) nickel( Ni) oxygen(O) oxygen(O)
Ferromagnetics Zones are created, which are called magnetic domains Dominated by spin ma gnetic momentum MICROSCOPIC (can be seen with a microscope) Strong atom- atom interactions
Ferromagnetic In an external magnetic field Domain
? Back Back
Paramagnetics Dominated by orbital m agnetic moment Weak atom- atom interacti ons No formation of domains
Paramagnetic In an external magnetic fiels
? Back Back
Diamagnetics When not in a magnetic field, they do not show any magnetic properties What happens when the material is in a magnetic field?
Diamagnetic In an external magnetic field
? Back Back
Relative permeability permeability of free space relative permeability Magnetic induction i n the material ??=? ?0 Magnetic induction in free space
