Exploring Circular Economy Practices in Transportation Companies
Explore how LinkedIn company profiles reflect circular economy practices in the transportation sector by analyzing data from Greek universities.
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Analysis of company profiles related to transport and circular economy on LinkedIn Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis, School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece George Tsironis, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University, Xanthi, Greece
LinkedIn and Circular Economy LinkedIn is an online social media networking platform with significant business orientation It provides free access, profile creation, and interaction among users Among the diverse information types, there are company profiles (~66 million) containing valuable data Text-mining tools can help in data acquisition and further DB creation Different types of analytical methods can lead to very important insights regarding the shaping of various industry and business sectors, regionally or globally In this presentation we provide some of the most important findings in Circular Economy investigation, so far Source: Eurostat
Previous research on LinkedIn data Social media and EU companies' engagement in circular economy: A LinkedIn approach Made in Germany how companies approach Circular Economy on LinkedIn Global Online networking for Circular economy companies in fashion, apparel, and textiles industries, the LinkedIn platform Made in Germany how companies approach Circular Economy on LinkedIn The 21 most practiced RE-s from LinkedIn Profiles on a Global Scale
Table 1. Number of companies operating in each region and overall development from January 2022 to January 2023 Accepted in European Planning Studies Companies Development (%) Region January May 32 64 106 Sept 41 70 122 Jan 47 77 126 Baden-W rttemberg Bavaria Berlin Brandenburg Bremen Hamburg Hesse Lower Saxony Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania North Rhine-Westphalia Rhineland-Palatinate Saarland Saxony Saxony-Anhalt Schleswig-Holstein Thuringia Germany (total) 28 58 95 4 0 28 29 22 4 67.86 32.76 32.63 75.00 5 2 7 2 7 2 - 35 37 20 5 40 40 23 5 39 43 23 5 39.29 48.28 4.55 25.00 70 9 0 18 1 8 3 377 83 88 9 0 20 2 10 3 482 96 10 0 21 4 11 3 514 37.14 11.11 9 0 0 18 16.66 300.00 37.50 1 8 3 0 428 36.34
Normalized number of companies per 1.000.000 of population
Figure 4. Statistically significant variables explaining SDGs, Sustainable Development and Sustainability keywords for: a. People, b. Jobs, and c. Companies (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001)
Methodological framework
Number of companies 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Environmental Services 1190 Renewables & Environment 1070 Company type and Industry sectors Management Consulting 474 Research 271 Information Technology & Services 239 Apparel & Fashion 235 Design 235 Non-profit Organization Management 202 Plastics 185 Biotechnology 151 Packaging & Containers 144 Civic & Social Organization 126 Retail 122 Industry sectors Consumer Goods 116 Textiles 107 N/A 106 Internet 105 Chemicals 105 Food & Beverages 96 Think Tanks 95 Construction 93 Mining & Metals 76 Building Materials 74 Food Production 74 Architecture & Planning 72 Logistics & Supply Chain 68 Mechanical Or Industrial Engineering 61 Venture Capital & Private Equity 60 Farming 59
Companies critical characteristics The mapping of organizations activity included the investigation of industry sectors and types: The majority of companies are privately held Environmental services , Renewables & Environment , and Management consulting are those industry sectors with the highest contribution (sectors are predefined by the platform) UK is the leading country in terms of established companies with CE mentions, followed by the USA, the Netherlands, Italy, and Germany The data used for this specific analysis, have been collected in the 1stquarter of 2022 (Feb-Mar)
Number of companies 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 United Kingdom 865 Geographical distribution (Headquarters) United States 635 Netherlands 569 Italy 453 Germany 398 Australia 353 Belgium 326 N/A 325 India 298 France 268 Canada 262 Spain 253 Finland 195 Switzerland 186 Denmark 156 Sweden 134 Portugal 131 Norway 96 Brazil 87 South Africa 78 Austria 76 China 72 Greece 71 Ireland 71 Poland 68 New Zealand 55 Nigeria 50 Mexico 50
Year of foundation The global trend in companies foundations since 1990, follows the same pattern as the EU27+UK investigation (Tsironis et al., 2022) 6000 1200 Count Cumulative 5000 1000 Cumulative number of Companies 4000 800 Number of Companies 3000 600 2000 400 1000 200 0 0 1996 2008 2020 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2021 2022
Segmentation according to staff count Number of companies 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 10001+ 30 5001-10000 27 1001-5000 98 501-1000 76 Staff range 201-500 183 Company category Staff headcount o r Balance sheet total Turnover 51-200 486 Medium- sized < 250 50 m 43 m 11-50 1531 Small < 50 10 m 10 m 2-10 Micro < 10 2 m 2 m 4125 99% of all businesses in the EU 90% World wide according to World Bank 0-1 623 N/A 354
21 Circular Economy RE-s After analysis of the companies specialties and descriptions, we propose a framework of 21 RE strategies , practices, functions, conceptualizations, and approache Those RE-s have been the most frequently occurring in our dataset Since included every company in our data collection process (worldwide), we consider that the results can be accurate in terms of major strategies, initiatives, and policies As expected, recycling has been the most popular strategy for CE It has been encouraging though, the fact that many more strategies appear as important for the transition to circular economy like regenerate, repair, restore, repurpose, refine, rethink, etc.
Circular Economy RE-s CE Re-s Count 2003 1186 733 698 493 324 211 158 140 138 129 121 120 105 103 86 70 61 56 55 52 42 41 CE Re-s Reinvent Redefine Reinforce Recommerce Refill Remarket Redistribute Recreate Reform Reshape Repeat Recirculate Recondition Reforestate Restructure Relocate Remake Rehabilitate Resolve Reconnect Re-engineer Reset Reutilize Count 38 37 34 33 28 26 26 24 23 23 18 17 15 14 13 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 CE Re-s Rebrand Reskill Revalue Redeploy Redevelop Repack Recharge Rework Revalorize Regrind Reorganize Remodel Refashion Regreen Reconstruct Revert Readapt Rebanner Recultivate Refurnish Rewild Reprogram Count 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 7 6 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 Recycle Reduce Renew Reuse Recover Regenerate Return Repair Refurbish Rent Replace Remove Restore Repurpose Refine Rethink Redesign Resell - Resale React Remanufacture Reclaim Renovate Reprocess
Followers - descriptive statistics Mean 1324.95 1454.37 2971.57 1051.42 1594.28 810.28 946.52 848.80 2258.77 953.07 871.45 646.92 935.88 1043.57 4360.25 2692.64 1018.43 3183.13 778.87 2131.84 672.31 Standard Deviation 6599.52 8341.04 27511.71 4503.66 6206.98 2135.50 2131.14 2246.26 6696.54 2447.96 2143.33 1794.02 2051.23 3877.27 20812.77 19268.74 3819.95 12081.40 2235.89 7885.64 1906.68 Kurtosis 410.12 281.24 558.69 152.00 149.23 29.07 25.30 23.36 30.68 25.49 26.62 66.78 17.30 44.60 56.97 82.93 49.79 35.78 41.77 36.60 38.72 Skewness 17.85 15.48 22.50 11.16 10.66 5.02 4.61 4.67 5.24 4.78 4.75 7.52 3.88 6.36 7.22 9.08 6.75 5.83 6.18 5.88 5.93 Minimum 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 4 1st quartile 46 44 45 43.25 73.75 39 57.5 55 86 40 39.25 54 42.5 35.5 69.5 37 22.75 62 28 65.5 38.5 Median 186.5 184 201 180 242 133 216 177 282 140 190 189 158 109 272 155 72 256 187.5 237 208 3rd quartile 721 676 808 544.5 837.75 506 700 569 1096 805 625.25 580 774 497.5 964.75 546.5 427.5 1110 610.75 1239.5 445 Maximum 182860 182860 697183 76225 101831 17542 15317 15317 48677 17146 15738 17510 13758 32103 182860 176653 29783 83511 15956 53850 13185 Sum 2644602 1716153 2172220 729685 784388 259289 199715 133261 313969 130571 111546 78277 111370 108531 449106 226182 69253 194171 42059 117251 34288 Count 1996 1180 731 694 492 320 211 157 139 137 128 121 119 104 103 84 68 61 54 55 51 Recycle Reduce Renew Reuse Recover Regenerate Return Repair Refurbish Rent Replace Remove Restore Repurpose Refine Rethink Redesign Resell-Resale React Remanufacture Reclaim
Staff (LinkedIn registered) descriptive statistics Mean 45.65 57.81 70.60 39.78 57.63 16.75 19.81 21.44 77.15 17.79 16.99 9.45 12.44 46.60 179.75 26.67 12.89 127.89 20.43 148.83 16.17 Standard Deviation Kurtosis 363.76 479.28 510.45 296.81 263.91 115.21 47.72 80.17 266.32 50.59 46.51 15.24 35.00 215.65 895.87 158.06 33.02 472.09 55.03 879.43 52.98 Skewness 19.24 15.04 14.01 15.77 8.58 15.48 4.88 9.05 6.93 5.87 5.55 5.50 7.30 6.87 6.96 7.77 5.71 4.58 4.23 6.81 5.69 Minimum 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1st quartile 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 Median 4 4 4 4 5.5 3 5 4 9 4 4.5 5 3 3.5 6 3 3 6 4.5 5 3 3rd quartile 13 13 14 11 19 9 13 13 36.5 11 11 11 10.75 12.5 23 9 11 25 12.25 16 9.5 Maximum 9663 9663 9663 6037 3013 1876 406 862 2514 406 360 132 321 1745 7418 1239 230 2514 283 6037 344 Sum 79022 57691 45397 24069 23745 4624 3844 2895 9721 2064 1971 973 1269 3914 15818 1627 696 6778 899 6995 744 Count 1731 998 643 605 412 276 194 135 126 116 116 103 102 84 88 61 54 53 44 47 46 Recycle Reduce Renew Reuse Recover Regenerate Return Repair Refurbish Rent Replace Remove Restore Repurpose Refine Rethink Redesign Resell-Resale React Remanufacture Reclaim 429.60 251.28 229.68 291.38 82.71 249.22 28.84 92.14 57.71 38.27 34.26 41.06 61.51 50.28 52.30 60.60 36.63 20.64 17.68 46.57 34.47
Circular Economy in the United Kingdom
UK companies in LinkedIn with Circular Economy in their profiles Key figures (2022) 999 companies 41,879 personnel 2,607,339 followers -> 2023 1280 companies 53,731 personnel 3,511,295 followers
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 15 United States 14 12 Ireland 11 9 Switzerland 8 8 Spain 7 6 Italy 5 Headquarters distribution of non-UK-based companies 4 4 Canada 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Global Luxembourg Bulgaria United ArabEmirates 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Finland New Zealand Singapore Greece Austria Sweden Turkey Ecuador Ghana
0 50 100 150 200 250 194 Environmental Services 102 96 Renewables & Environment Management Consulting 51 48 45 45 Retail Information Technology & Services Apparel & Fashion Design 37 37 33 32 31 31 29 22 21 17 17 17 17 14 14 14 14 13 12 12 12 12 11 11 11 10 Research Computer Software Non-profit Organization Management Internet Construction Industries (n>10) Biotechnology Packaging & Containers Architecture & Planning Financial Services Electrical & Electronic Manufacturing Higher Education Food & Beverages Consumer Goods Textiles Staffing & Recruiting Plastics Civic & Social Organization Furniture Marketing & Advertising Building Materials Chemicals Think Tanks Events Services Information Services Venture Capital & Private Equity Government Administration
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 Mining & Metals 888 Computer Hardware 7 Logistics & Supply Chain 6666666 E-learning Consumer Services Oil & Energy 5555555 Publishing Real Estate Public Relations & Communications Leisure, Travel & Tourism 44444 Education Management Machinery Industries (n<10) 33333 Civil Engineering Facilities Services Farming 222222222222222 Investment Banking Fishery Philanthropy Hospital & Health Care Professional Training & Coaching Consumer Electronics Paper & Forest Products 1111111111111111 Executive Office Medical Device Music Supermarkets Aviation & Aerospace Human Resources Maritime Accounting
Descriptive statistics Followers Staff Mean 2750 Mean 50 Standard Deviation 22774.03 Standard Deviation 374.4011 Median 239 Median 4 Mode 12 Mode 1 Kurtosis 700.6189 Kurtosis 631.1026 Skewness 24.22771 Skewness 22.96609 Range 699552 Range 10770 Minimum 1 Minimum 1 Maximum 699553 Maximum 10771 Sum 3511295 Sum 53731 Count 1277 Count 1080
Monthly observations of CE-related companies 35 1800 Millions 1600 1500 30 1400 Number of Companies per search term 1300 1300 1300 Number of LinkedIn user profiles 25 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1100 1100 1100 1000 1000 1000 1000 991 1000 1000 1000 20 1000 800 15 600 10 400 5 200 0 0 January22 January23 September21 February22 September22 February23 October21 May22 October22 November21 August22 November22 june 22 December21 December22 March22 July 22 March23 April22 April23 Circular Economy Companies LinkedIn users
Monthly observations of Circular Economy-related job posts 800 700 670 669 663 654 645 644 641 640 619 613 607 592 Number of Job Posts per search term 600 578 580 575 536 533 513 500 423 400 349 300 200 100 0 Circular Economy Jobs
Experimental Datasets - Keywords
Circular Transport Circular Transport has been searched on the LinkedIn platform companies filter has been applied with no additional location filters 358 profiles have been extracted in CSV files Further investigation highlighted the main characteristics of those organizations UK presented the highest number of results according to the HQs location The most popular industry sectors were those in the services cluster
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 46 45 55 Environmental Services Renewables & Environment Management Consulting Packaging & Containers Transportation/Trucking/Railroad United Kingdom Netherlands Belgium Australia Germany 36 24 28 28 18 17 Circular Transport (n=358, worldwide) 14 13 12 12 23 Research Information Technology & Services Government Administration 20 N/A Italy 18 Construction 999 12 12 11 10 France Spain Logistics & Supply Chain Non-profit Organization Management Mechanical Or Industrial Engineering International Trade & Development Computer Software Venture Capital & Private Equity United States Norway Sweden Denmark Ireland Greece 7 66 7 7 7 5555 Building Materials Plastics 30 300 Automotive Think Tanks 6 6 444444 International Affairs Civic & Social Organization Leisure, Travel & Tourism India Brazil Canada China Poland Austria Slovenia Romania Hungary Finland South Africa Luxembourg Czechia Switzerland 5 5 Design 4 4 4 Hospitality 25 250 Apparel & Fashion Chemicals Architecture & Planning Food & Beverages Events Services 3333333 3 3 3 3 3 3 Machinery 20 200 Industrial Automation Consumer Goods Oil & Energy 222222222222 Retail Commercial Real Estate Aviation & Aerospace 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Textiles Furniture Online Media 15 150 Malta Sri Lanka New Zealand Bangladesh Electrical & Electronic Manufacturing Airlines/Aviation Government Relations Higher Education Media Production Staffing & Recruiting Computer Hardware Professional Training & Coaching Latvia Vanuatu Slovakia Indonesia Iceland Ukraine Colombia Zimbabwe 10 100 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111111111111111111 Fundraising Maritime Utilities Farming Civil Engineering 5 50 Public Relations & Communications Chile Financial Services Lithuania Peru Thailand Pakistan Afghanistan Health, Wellness & Fitness E-learning Sports 0 0 1990 1993 1995 1997 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 Package/Freight Delivery Internet Broadcast Media Writing & Editing Mining & Metals Law Practice Import & Export Japan Count of Companies Cumulative United Arab Emirates Cambodia Bulgaria Serbia N/A Individual & Family Services
0 10 20 30 40 50 46 45 Environmental Services Renewables & Environment Management Consulting Packaging & Containers Transportation/Trucking/Railroad 24 18 17 14 13 12 12 Research Information Technology & Services Government Administration Construction 999 Logistics & Supply Chain Non-profit Organization Management Mechanical Or Industrial Engineering International Trade & Development Computer Software Venture Capital & Private Equity 7 66 5555 Building Materials Plastics Automotive Think Tanks 444444 International Affairs Civic & Social Organization Leisure, Travel & Tourism Design Hospitality Apparel & Fashion Chemicals Architecture & Planning Food & Beverages Events Services 3333333 Machinery Industrial Automation Consumer Goods Oil & Energy 0 10 20 30 40 50 222222222222 46 45 Environmental Services Renewables & Environment Management Consulting Packaging & Containers Transportation/Trucking/Railroad Retail Commercial Real Estate Aviation & Aerospace 24 18 17 Textiles Furniture Online Media 14 13 12 12 Research Information Technology & Services Government Administration Electrical & Electronic Manufacturing Airlines/Aviation Government Relations Higher Education Media Production Staffing & Recruiting Computer Hardware Professional Training & Coaching Construction 999 Logistics & Supply Chain Non-profit Organization Management Mechanical Or Industrial Engineering International Trade & Development Computer Software Venture Capital & Private Equity 1111111111111111111111 7 66 Fundraising Maritime Utilities Farming Civil Engineering 5555 Building Materials Plastics Automotive Think Tanks 444444 International Affairs Civic & Social Organization Leisure, Travel & Tourism Public Relations & Communications Financial Services Health, Wellness & Fitness Design E-learning Sports Hospitality Package/Freight Delivery Apparel & Fashion Chemicals Architecture & Planning Food & Beverages Events Services 3333333 Internet Broadcast Media Writing & Editing Mining & Metals Law Practice Import & Export Machinery Industrial Automation Consumer Goods Oil & Energy N/A 222222222222 Individual & Family Services Retail Commercial Real Estate Aviation & Aerospace Textiles Furniture Online Media Electrical & Electronic Manufacturing Airlines/Aviation Government Relations Higher Education Media Production Staffing & Recruiting Computer Hardware Professional Training & Coaching 1111111111111111111111 Fundraising Maritime Utilities Farming Civil Engineering Public Relations & Communications Financial Services Health, Wellness & Fitness E-learning Sports Package/Freight Delivery Internet Broadcast Media Writing & Editing Mining & Metals Law Practice Import & Export N/A Individual & Family Services
Circular Economy Materials Circular Economy Materials provides 2700 companies with no additional location filters Further investigation highlighted the main characteristics of those organizations Further specification per material is necessary limit the number of hits below 1000 or group per company size.
Suggestions for Further Research Further investigation of topics related to CE, like materials, production, transport, etc., in terms of qualitative or thematic analysis. (search query definition) Further analysis of already mined datasets (circular economy UK, circular economy materials, circular transport) by utilizing diverse analytics methods on profiles specialties and descriptions (free text) Comparative analysis of LinkedIn data with other online data sources or registry data and indicators
4thSymposium on Circular Economy and Sustainability, Heraklion, Crete, 19-21 June 2023, https://4th.circulareconomy2050.eu/
Thank you for your attention Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis ktsagarakis@tuc.gr
