Ethical Reporting in Economic Landscape
E
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
R
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
-
E
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
S
e
c
t
o
r
9
A
u
g
u
s
t
2
0
2
2
K
a
t
h
m
a
n
d
u
Posh Raj Pandey
Chairman
South Asia Watch on Trade
Economics and Environment
(SAWTEE)
Contents
S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
Ethical, accurate and honest
reporting,
Gathering facts-data sources
Understanding external sector-
reading Balance of Payments
Using analytical tools
Ethical reporting
E
t
h
i
c
s
i
n
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
r
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
-
F
r
e
e
d
o
m
o
f
p
r
e
s
s
g
o
h
a
n
d
i
n
h
a
n
d
w
i
t
h
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e
r
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
Ethics is unwritten codes of moral standard.
Sticks to journalism codes and concerns of
ethics, conduct and practice- do not accept
gift or bribes to write story that is not true
and do not use bribes or false promises to get
information,
Pursue unbiased reporting,
Provide both pros and cons
Back up opinion with facts
Be aware that your report/ opinion can trigger
enormous consequences
Protect the source of information, not source
of facts,
Never color your reporting with your
political/ideological beliefs,
Avoid protocol journalism
Source of
data/information
D
a
t
a
S
o
u
r
c
e
s
Nepal Rastra Bank-
https://www.nrb.org.np/
Ministry of Finance-
https://mof.gov.np/
Trade and Export Promotion Centre-
http://www.tepc.gov.np/
Department of Customs-
https://customs.gov.np/
Central Bureau of Statistics-
https://cbs.gov.np
Asian Development Bank-
https://www.adb.org/
United Nations Conference
on Trade and Development (
UNCTAD)-
https://unctad.org/
UNESCAP (trade costs, trade facilitation)
World Economic Forum (competitiveness)
Reading balance of
payments account
.
Trade balance
Balance in goods and services
Current account balance
Capital account balance
Change in reserves
Balance of payment example
Analytical tools
.
In local currency vs. in dollar
Rate of Growth
Simple annual growth rate:
Compound annual growth rate:
X
1
: Value in Year 1
X
0
: Value in Year 0
N : Number of years
X
n
: Value in Year ‘n’
X
0
: Value in Year 0
.
Trade dependency index (TD)-
measures the importance of
international trade in overall economy.
Import Penetration Index (IP) -
measures to what degree domestic demand
(the difference between GDP and net exports) is satisfied by imports.
X: Total exports
M: Total imports
GDP: Gross Domestic Product
X: Total exports
M: Total imports
D: Domestic Demand
GDP: Gross Domestic Product
Can be calculated for specific product/sectors
.
Marginal propensity to import (MPM)-
measures the extent to which
imports are induced by a change in income.
Hirschman Index -
measures the geographical concentration of exports.
Export Diversification Index-
measures the sectoral concentration of exports.
M
0
: Total imports in Year 0
M
1
: Total imports in Year 1
GDP
0
: Gross Domestic Product in Year 0
GDP
1
: Gross Domestic Product in Year 1
.
Harmonized Systems (HS) and Standard International Trade Classification (SITC): the product
nomenclature for international trade
•
Concept of HS and SITC
Tariffs- simple average vs. weighted average
Protection- nominal rate vs. effective rate
Non-tariff measures vs. non-tariff barriers
Non-tariff measures
Technical measures- SPS measures, TBT, pre-shipment inspection
Non-technical- contingent trade protective measures such as anti-dumping, countervailing; non-automatic
import licensing, quota, quality control measures; rules of origin; distribution measures; restriction on post-
sales services etc.
C
o
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
d
i
p
l
o
m
a
c
y
b
a
s
i
c
a
l
l
y
d
e
a
l
s
w
i
t
h
p
r
o
m
o
t
i
n
g
t
r
a
d
e
a
n
d
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
t
a
r
i
f
f
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
t
a
r
i
f
f
b
a
r
r
i
e
r
s
Source: Rana and Chatterjee 2018
Thank you
For comments and queries
posh.pandey@sawtee.org
Image Source: https://pxhere.com/en/photo/977977
Ethical reporting in economic contexts is essential for maintaining credibility and trust. Upholding unwritten moral standards, journalists must adhere to codes of ethics, avoiding bias, accepting responsibility, and safeguarding sources. Freedom of press goes hand in hand with accountable reporting, emphasizing unbiased and factual presentation of information.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
You are allowed to download the files provided on this website for personal or commercial use, subject to the condition that they are used lawfully. All files are the property of their respective owners.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Posh Raj Pandey Chairman South Asia Watch on Trade Economics and Environment (SAWTEE) Economic Reporting Economic Reporting- -External Sector Sector 9 August 2022 9 August 2022 Kathmandu Kathmandu External
Ethical, accurate and honest reporting, Gathering facts-data sources Understanding external sector- reading Balance of Payments Using analytical tools Structure of the Structure of the presentation presentation
Ethics is unwritten codes of moral standard. Sticks to journalism codes and concerns of ethics, conduct and practice- do not accept gift or bribes to write story that is not true and do not use bribes or false promises to get information, Pursue unbiased reporting, Provide both pros and cons Back up opinion with facts Be aware that your report/ opinion can trigger enormous consequences Protect the source of information, not source of facts, Never color your reporting with your political/ideological beliefs, Avoid protocol journalism Ethics in economic Ethics in economic reporting reporting- -Freedom of press go hand in of press go hand in hand with hand with responsible responsible reporting reporting Freedom
Source of data/information
Nepal Rastra Bank- https://www.nrb.org.np/ Ministry of Finance- https://mof.gov.np/ Trade and Export Promotion Centre- http://www.tepc.gov.np/ Department of Customs- https://customs.gov.np/ Central Bureau of Statistics- https://cbs.gov.np Asian Development Bank- https://www.adb.org/ United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)- https://unctad.org/ UNESCAP (trade costs, trade facilitation) World Economic Forum (competitiveness) Data Sources Data Sources
Reading balance of payments account
. Trade balance Balance in goods and services Current account balance Capital account balance Change in reserves Balance of payment example
. In local currency vs. in dollar Rate of Growth Simple annual growth rate: x x x X1: Value in Year 1 1 0 100 0 X0: Value in Year 0 Compound annual growth rate: N : Number of years 1 x n Xn: Value in Year n 1 100 n x 0 X0 : Value in Year 0
. Trade dependency index (TD)- measures the importance of international trade in overall economy. X: Total exports + X M = 100 TD M: Total imports GDP GDP: Gross Domestic Product Import Penetration Index (IP) - measures to what degree domestic demand (the difference between GDP and net exports) is satisfied by imports. X: Total exports M M = = IP M: Total imports + D GDP X M D: Domestic Demand Can be calculated for specific product/sectors GDP: Gross Domestic Product
. Marginal propensity to import (MPM)- measures the extent to which imports are induced by a change in income. M0: Total imports in Year 0 M M = 1 0 MPM M1: Total imports in Year 1 GDP GDP 1 0 GDP0: Gross Domestic Product in Year 0 GDP1: Gross Domestic Product in Year 1 Hirschman Index - measures the geographical concentration of exports. Export Diversification Index- measures the sectoral concentration of exports.
. Harmonized Systems (HS) and Standard International Trade Classification (SITC): the product nomenclature for international trade Concept of HS and SITC Tariffs- simple average vs. weighted average Protection- nominal rate vs. effective rate Non-tariff measures vs. non-tariff barriers Non-tariff measures Technical measures- SPS measures, TBT, pre-shipment inspection Non-technical- contingent trade protective measures such as anti-dumping, countervailing; non-automatic import licensing, quota, quality control measures; rules of origin; distribution measures; restriction on post- sales services etc.
Commercial Commercial diplomacy basically diplomacy basically deals with promoting deals with promoting trade and addressing trade and addressing tariff and non tariff and non- -tariff tariff barriers barriers Source: Rana and Chatterjee 2018
Thank you For comments and queries posh.pandey@sawtee.org
