English Spelling Rules and Prefixes Guide for Years 3 and 4
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ENGLISH APPENDIX 1
SPELLING
Years 3 and 4
Adding suffixes beginning with vowel
letters to words of more than one syllable
Rules and Guidance
If the last syllable of a word is
stressed and ends with one
consonant letter which has just
one vowel letter before it, the final
consonant letter is doubled before
any ending beginning with a vowel
letter is added. The consonant
letter is not doubled if the syllable
is unstressed.
Example Words
forgetting, forgotten, beginning,
beginner, prefer, preferred
gardening, gardener, limiting,
limited, limitation
2
The short /ɪ/sound spelt y elsewhere than
at the end of words
Rules and Guidance
These words should be learnt as
needed.
Example Words
myth, gym, Egypt, pyramid,
mystery
3
The short /
u/
sound spelt ou
Rules and Guidance
These words should be learnt as
needed.
Example Words
young, touch, double, trouble,
country
4
Prefixes (Part 1)
Rules and Guidance
Most prefixes are added to the
beginning of root words without
any changes in spelling, but see
in– below.
Like un–, the prefixes dis– and
mis– have negative meanings.
The prefix in– can mean both ‘not’
and ‘in’/‘into’. In the words given
here it means ‘not’.
Before a root word starting with l,
in– becomes il.
Example Words
dis–: disappoint, disagree,
disobey mis–: misbehave,
mislead, misspell (mis + spell)
in–: inactive, incorrect
illegal, illegible
5
Prefixes (Part 2)
Rules and Guidance
Before a root word starting with m
or p, in– becomes im–.
Before a root word starting with r,
in– becomes ir–.
re– means ‘again’ or ‘back’.
sub– means ‘under’.
inter– means ‘between’ or
‘among’.
Example Words
immature, immortal, impossible,
impatient, imperfect
irregular, irrelevant, irresponsible
re–: redo, refresh, return, reappear,
redecorate
sub–: subdivide, subheading,
submarine, submerge
inter–: interact, intercity, international,
interrelated (inter + related)
6
Prefixes (Part 3)
Rules and Guidance
super– means ‘above’
anti– means ‘against’.
auto– means ‘self’ or ‘own’.
Example Words
super–: supermarket, superman,
superstar
anti–: antiseptic, anticlockwise,
antisocial
auto–: autobiography, autograph
7
The suffix –ation
Rules and Guidance
The suffix –ation is added to
verbs to form nouns. The rules
already learnt still apply.
Example Words
information, adoration, sensation,
preparation, admiration
8
The suffix –ly (Part 1)
Rules and Guidance
The suffix –ly is added to an
adjective to form an adverb.
The rules already learnt still
apply. The suffix –ly starts with
a consonant letter, so it is
added straight on to most root
words.
If the root word ends in –y with
a consonant letter before it,
the y is changed to i, but only if
the root word has more than
one syllable
Example Words
sadly, completely, usually (usual +
ly), finally (final + ly), comically
(comical + ly)
happily, angrily
9
The suffix –ly (Part 2)
Rules and Guidance
If the root word ends with –le,
the –le is changed to –ly
If the root word ends with –ic,
–ally is added rather than just
–ly, except in the word publicly.
The words
truly, duly, wholly
Example Words
gently, simply, humbly, nobly
frantically, dramatically
10
Words with endings sounding like /sher/ or
/cher/
Rules and Guidance
The ending sounding like /sher/ is
always spelt –sure.
The ending sounding like /cher/ is
often spelt –ture, but check that
the word is not a root word ending
in (t)ch with an er ending – e.g.
teacher, catcher, richer, stretcher.
Example Words
measure, treasure, pleasure,
enclosure
creature, furniture, picture,
nature, adventure
11
Endings which sound like /shun/ spelt sion
Rules and Guidance
If the ending sounds like /shun/,
it is often spelt as –sion
.
Example Words
division, invasion, confusion,
decision, collision, television
12
Endings which sound like /shun/, spelt –
sion, –cian
Rules and Guidance
–sion is used if the root word
ends in d or se.
Exceptions: attend – attention,
intend – intention.
–cian is used if the root word
ends in c or cs.
Example Words
expansion, extension,
comprehension, tension
musician, electrician, magician,
politician, mathematician
13
Endings which sound like /shun/, spelt –tion,
–ssion
Rules and Guidance
–tion is used if the root word ends
in t or te.
–ssion is used if the root word
ends in ss or –mit.
Example Words
invention, injection, action,
hesitation, completion
expression, discussion,
confession, permission,
admission
14
The suffix –ous
Rules and Guidance
Sometimes the root word is obvious and
the usual rules apply for adding suffixes
beginning with vowel letters. Sometimes
there is no obvious root word.
–our is changed to –or before –ous is
added.
A final ‘e’ of the root word must be kept if
the short /j/ sound of ‘g’ is to be kept.
If there is a long /e/ sound before the –
ous ending, it is usually spelt as i, but a
few words have e.
Example Words
poisonous, dangerous, mountainous,
famous, various tremendous,
enormous, jealous
humorous, glamorous, vigorous
courageous, outrageous
serious, obvious, curious,
hideous, spontaneous, courteous
15
Words with the short /k/ sound spelt ch
(Greek in origin)
Rules and Guidance
No specific guidance
Example Words
scheme, chorus, chemist, echo,
character
16
Words with the /sh/ sound spelt ch (mostly
French in origin)
Rules and Guidance
No specific guidance
Example Words
chef, chalet, machine, brochure
17
Words ending with the short /g/ sound spelt –
gue and the short /k/ sound spelt –que
(French in origin)
Rules and Guidance
No specific guidance
Example Words
league, tongue, antique, unique
18
Words with the short /s/ sound spelt sc
(Latin in origin)
Rules and Guidance
No specific guidance
Example Words
science, scene, discipline,
fascinate, crescent
19
Words with the /ay/ sound spelt ei, eigh, or
ey
Rules and Guidance
No specific guidance
Example Words
vein, weigh, eight, neighbour, they,
obey
20
Possessive apostrophe with plural words
Rules and Guidance
The apostrophe is placed after the
plural form of the word; –s is not
added if the plural already ends in
–s, but is added if the plural does
not end in –s (i.e. is an irregular
plural – e.g. children’s).
Example Words
girls’, boys’, babies’, children’s,
men’s, mice’s (Note: singular
proper nouns ending in an s use
the ’s suffix e.g. Cyprus’s
population)
21
Homophones and near-homophones
Rules and Guidance
No specific guidance
Example Words
accept/except, affect/effect,
ball/bawl, berry/bury,
brake/break, fair/fare,
grate/great, groan/grown,
here/hear, heel/heal/he’ll,
knot/not, mail/male, main/mane,
meat/meet, medal/meddle,
missed/mist, peace/piece,
plain/plane, rain/rein/reign,
scene/seen, weather/whether,
whose/who’s
22
Improve your English spelling skills with this comprehensive guide for Years 3 and 4. Learn how to add suffixes to multi-syllable words, understand the various vowel sounds, and master common prefixes. Enhance your vocabulary and writing with examples and rules provided in an easy-to-follow format.
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Presentation Transcript
ENGLISH APPENDIX 1 SPELLING Years 3 and 4
Adding suffixes beginning with vowel letters to words of more than one syllable Rules and Guidance Example Words If the last syllable of a word is stressed and ends with one consonant letter which has just one vowel letter before it, the final consonant letter is doubled before any ending beginning with a vowel letter is added. The consonant letter is not doubled if the syllable is unstressed. forgetting, forgotten, beginning, beginner, prefer, preferred gardening, gardener, limiting, limited, limitation 2
The short //sound spelt y elsewhere than at the end of words Rules and Guidance Example Words These words should be learnt as needed. myth, gym, Egypt, pyramid, mystery 3
The short /u/ u/ sound spelt ou Rules and Guidance Example Words These words should be learnt as needed. young, touch, double, trouble, country 4
Prefixes (Part 1) Example Words Rules and Guidance Most prefixes are added to the beginning of root words without any changes in spelling, but see in below. Like un , the prefixes dis and mis have negative meanings. The prefix in can mean both not and in / into . In the words given here it means not . Before a root word starting with l, in becomes il. dis : disappoint, disagree, disobey mis : misbehave, mislead, misspell (mis + spell) in : inactive, incorrect illegal, illegible 5
Prefixes (Part 2) Rules and Guidance Example Words Before a root word starting with m or p, in becomes im . Before a root word starting with r, in becomes ir . re means again or back . sub means under . immature, immortal, impossible, impatient, imperfect irregular, irrelevant, irresponsible re : redo, refresh, return, reappear, redecorate sub : subdivide, subheading, submarine, submerge inter : interact, intercity, international, interrelated (inter + related) inter means between or among . 6
Prefixes (Part 3) Example Words Rules and Guidance super means above super : supermarket, superman, superstar anti : antiseptic, anticlockwise, antisocial anti means against . auto means self or own . auto : autobiography, autograph 7
The suffix ation Rules and Guidance Example Words The suffix ation is added to verbs to form nouns. The rules already learnt still apply. information, adoration, sensation, preparation, admiration 8
The suffix ly (Part 1) Example Words Rules and Guidance The suffix ly is added to an adjective to form an adverb. The rules already learnt still apply. The suffix ly starts with a consonant letter, so it is added straight on to most root words. If the root word ends in y with a consonant letter before it, the y is changed to i, but only if the root word has more than one syllable sadly, completely, usually (usual + ly), finally (final + ly), comically (comical + ly) happily, angrily 9
The suffix ly (Part 2) Rules and Guidance Example Words If the root word ends with le, the le is changed to ly If the root word ends with ic, ally is added rather than just ly, except in the word publicly. The words truly, duly, wholly gently, simply, humbly, nobly frantically, dramatically 10
Words with endings sounding like /sher/ or /cher/ Rules and Guidance Example Words The ending sounding like /sher/ is always spelt sure. The ending sounding like /cher/ is often spelt ture, but check that the word is not a root word ending in (t)ch with an er ending e.g. teacher, catcher, richer, stretcher. measure, treasure, pleasure, enclosure creature, furniture, picture, nature, adventure 11
Endings which sound like /shun/ spelt sion Rules and Guidance Example Words If the ending sounds like /shun/, it is often spelt as sion. division, invasion, confusion, decision, collision, television 12
Endings which sound like /shun/, spelt sion, cian Rules and Guidance Example Words sion is used if the root word ends in d or se. Exceptions: attend attention, intend intention. cian is used if the root word ends in c or cs. expansion, extension, comprehension, tension musician, electrician, magician, politician, mathematician 13
Endings which sound like /shun/, spelt tion, ssion Rules and Guidance Example Words tion is used if the root word ends in t or te. ssion is used if the root word ends in ss or mit. invention, injection, action, hesitation, completion expression, discussion, confession, permission, admission 14
The suffix ous Example Words Rules and Guidance Sometimes the root word is obvious and the usual rules apply for adding suffixes beginning with vowel letters. Sometimes there is no obvious root word. poisonous, dangerous, mountainous, famous, various tremendous, enormous, jealous humorous, glamorous, vigorous our is changed to or before ous is added. courageous, outrageous A final e of the root word must be kept if the short /j/ sound of g is to be kept. If there is a long /e/ sound before the ous ending, it is usually spelt as i, but a few words have e. serious, obvious, curious, hideous, spontaneous, courteous 15
Words with the short /k/ sound spelt ch (Greek in origin) Rules and Guidance Example Words No specific guidance scheme, chorus, chemist, echo, character 16
Words with the /sh/ sound spelt ch (mostly French in origin) Rules and Guidance Example Words chef, chalet, machine, brochure No specific guidance 17
Words ending with the short /g/ sound spelt gue and the short /k/ sound spelt que (French in origin) Rules and Guidance Example Words No specific guidance league, tongue, antique, unique 18
Words with the short /s/ sound spelt sc (Latin in origin) Rules and Guidance Example Words No specific guidance science, scene, discipline, fascinate, crescent 19
Words with the /ay/ sound spelt ei, eigh, or ey Rules and Guidance Example Words No specific guidance vein, weigh, eight, neighbour, they, obey 20
Possessive apostrophe with plural words Rules and Guidance Example Words The apostrophe is placed after the plural form of the word; s is not added if the plural already ends in s, but is added if the plural does not end in s (i.e. is an irregular plural e.g. children s). girls , boys , babies , children s, men s, mice s (Note: singular proper nouns ending in an s use the s suffix e.g. Cyprus s population) 21
Homophones and near-homophones Example Words Rules and Guidance No specific guidance accept/except, affect/effect, ball/bawl, berry/bury, brake/break, fair/fare, grate/great, groan/grown, here/hear, heel/heal/he ll, knot/not, mail/male, main/mane, meat/meet, medal/meddle, missed/mist, peace/piece, plain/plane, rain/rein/reign, scene/seen, weather/whether, whose/who s 22
