Energy: Types, Potential, and Kinetic
Energy
- The ability to do work. (humor)
•
Makes things “go”
•
Neither created nor destroyed - moves around
•
Mostly Nuclear
Types of Energy
Potential
- Energy of position. Stored energy.
Examples: Gravitational, chemical, springs, nuclear
Kinetic
- Energy of motion.
Examples: Baseballs, trains, cars, flywheels, bullets,
hammers
Thermal
- Random potential and kinetic energy of
molecules and atoms.
Examples: Hot stuff
Gravitational Potential Energy
Lifting a box of mass m:
W = Fd= energy given
F = mg, d =
h
W = Fd = mgh
m
h
PE
= mgh
PE
- gravitational potential energy
h - Height
m - Mass
g - 9.8 N/kg on Earth
There are
two ways
to lift the
object...
Whiteboards:
Gravitational Potential Energy
1
|
2
|
3
6.0 J
PE
= mgh,
h = .135 m
PE
= (4.5 kg)(9.8 N/kg)(.135 m) = 6.0 J
What is the potential energy of a 4.5
kg bowling ball, 13.5 cm above the
ground?
2.14 m
PE
= mgh
h =
PE
/(mg) = (1573 J)/(75 kg)/(9.80 N/kg)
= 2.14 m
Toby Continued lifts a 75.0 kg box
doing 1573 J of work. What is the
change in height of the box?
65 kg
PE
= mgh
m =
PE
/(gh) = (9555 J)/(9.8 N/kg)/(15 m)
= 65 kg
Colin Host lifts himself up 15 m doing
9555 J of work. What is his mass?
Kinetic Energy
Speeding up a box of mass m with force F
W = Fd = energy given
F = ma
W = (ma)d
v
f
2
= v
i
2
+ 2ax, d = v
2
/(2a) (if v
i
= 0)
W = (ma)
(
v
2
/(2a)
)
= mv
2
/2 =
1
/
2
mv
2
KE =
1
/
2
mv
2
m
There are two ways to speed up the mass...
d
F
v
KE =
1
/
2
mv
2
KE
- Kinetic energy
v
- velocity
m
- mass
Whiteboards:
Kinetic Energy
1
|
2
|
3
1960 J
KE =
1
/
2
mv
2
=
1
/
2
(.0042 kg)(965 m/s)
2
= 1955.5725
(1960 J)
What is the kinetic energy of a 4.20 g
bullet going 965 m/s?
20.29 g
KE =
1
/
2
mv
2
m = 2 E
k
/v
2
= 2(2.055 J)/(14.23 m/s)
2
= .020297…
(20.29 g)
A European swallow has 2.055 J of
kinetic energy when it is flying at
14.23 m/s. What is its mass in
grams
?
11 m/s
KE =
1
/
2
mv
2
v =
(2
KE/m) =
(
2(34 J)
/(.563 kg)
)
= 11 m/s
What speed must a .563 kg hammer
move to store 34 J of energy?
Dive into the world of energy with a comprehensive guide covering the definition, types, and characteristics of gravitational, potential, and kinetic energy. Explore how energy is the driving force behind all work and movement, with examples and explanations provided for each energy type. Gain insights into how energy can be stored, transformed, and utilized in various forms, from gravitational potential energy in lifting objects to the kinetic energy of moving entities. Discover the fundamental concepts of energy through engaging visuals and practical scenarios.
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Presentation Transcript
Energy Contents: Definition Types Gravitational Potential Whiteboards Kinetic Whiteboards
Energy - The ability to do work. (humor) Makes things go Neither created nor destroyed - moves around Mostly Nuclear
Types of Energy Potential - Energy of position. Stored energy. Examples: Gravitational, chemical, springs, nuclear Kinetic - Energy of motion. Examples: Baseballs, trains, cars, flywheels, bullets, hammers Thermal - Random potential and kinetic energy of molecules and atoms. Examples: Hot stuff ((( ))) (( ))
Gravitational Potential Energy Lifting a box of mass m: W = Fd= energy given F = mg, d = h W = Fd = mgh m h There are two ways to lift the object... PE = mgh PE - gravitational potential energy h - Height m - Mass g - 9.8 N/kg on Earth
Whiteboards: Gravitational Potential Energy 1 | 2 | 3
What is the potential energy of a 4.5 kg bowling ball, 13.5 cm above the ground? PE = mgh, h = .135 m PE = (4.5 kg)(9.8 N/kg)(.135 m) = 6.0 J 6.0 J
Toby Continued lifts a 75.0 kg box doing 1573 J of work. What is the change in height of the box? PE = mgh h = PE/(mg) = (1573 J)/(75 kg)/(9.80 N/kg) = 2.14 m 2.14 m
Colin Host lifts himself up 15 m doing 9555 J of work. What is his mass? PE = mgh m = PE/(gh) = (9555 J)/(9.8 N/kg)/(15 m) = 65 kg 65 kg
Kinetic Energy v F d m Speeding up a box of mass m with force F W = Fd = energy given F = ma W = (ma)d vf2 = vi2 + 2ax, d = v2/(2a) (if vi = 0) W = (ma)(v2/(2a)) = mv2/2 = 1/2mv2 KE = 1/2mv2 KE = 1/2mv2 KE - Kinetic energy v- velocity m - mass There are two ways to speed up the mass...
Whiteboards: Kinetic Energy 1 | 2 | 3
What is the kinetic energy of a 4.20 g bullet going 965 m/s? KE = 1/2mv2 = 1/2(.0042 kg)(965 m/s)2 = 1955.5725 (1960 J) 1960 J
A European swallow has 2.055 J of kinetic energy when it is flying at 14.23 m/s. What is its mass in grams? KE = 1/2mv2 m = 2 Ek/v2 = 2(2.055 J)/(14.23 m/s)2 = .020297 (20.29 g) 20.29 g
What speed must a .563 kg hammer move to store 34 J of energy? KE = 1/2mv2 v = (2 KE/m) = (2(34 J)/(.563 kg)) = 11 m/s 11 m/s
