Cost Accounting: Techniques and Processes
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COSTING
In the Terminology of the ICMA London costing
has been expressed as “The techniques and
processes of ascertaining cost”. As a technique it
implies a body of principles and rules applied for
ascertaining cost. As a process it involves the
procedure for ascertainment of cost. It is concerned
with computation of cost and ascertainment of
profits.
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Costing Covers:
Ascertainment of costs.
Analysis of costs.
Allocation of costs.
Apportionment of costs.
Absorption of cost.
It is a specialised branch of accounting that
remains involved with the classification ,
accumulation , assignment and control of cost.
CIMA London has defined it as “The
establishment of budgets , standard costs and
actual costs of operations , processes , activities or
products and the analysis of variances ,
profitability or the social use of funds” .
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Cost accounting provide a systematic set of
procedures for recording and reporting
measurements of cost of manufacturing goods and
performing services.
1. Ascertainment of cost – Cost ascertainment
involves collection of cost data , their classification
and condensation according their needs or functions
and their appropriate allocation and absorption.
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2. Estimation of cost – It means pre determination
of cost of units to be produced , jobs or orders to be
executed and services to be rendered in future. It
helps to establishment standard cost to give the
scope of analysing variances and profitability.
3. Fixation of selling price – The selling price is
fixed by adding desired profit with actual cost or
estimated cost . The quotation or tender price ,
value of different orders can be fixed with help.
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4. Cost control – Cost accounting techniques are
applied to fix standards or budgeted cost.
Comparison can be made with actual cost.
Variances, wastages, losses or inefficiencies can be
detected.
5. Cost reduction – It provide techniques to reduce
cost but to maintain or improve quality. It aims to
reduce cost of goods and services , actual
budgeting control and marginal costing.
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6. Cost reporting – It provides different pieces of
information regarding goods produced and
services rendered. The management requires such
information to prepare cost statements and other
statements as and when required.
7. Rendering assistance in decision making - cost
accounting helps to determine cost volume profit
relationship, operations to be shut down or
making any replacement, etc. correct decision
depend much upon cost accounting.
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It is a branch of accounting related to the
presentation of accounting information to
the management in a manner to assist them
in discharging their managerial function like
planning , decision making and control.
Management supply information about its
past and present operations for deciding
future trends and course of action. It
contains techniques to solve problems , take
right decisions, plan effectively and to
exercise control
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The ICWAI opines that “ Management accounting
is a system of collection and presentation of
relevant economic information relating to an
enterprise for planning , controlling and decision
making.
Budgetary control ,standard costing ,marginal
costing , breakeven analysis, cost volume and
profit analysis etc are some techniques used by
cost accountant under management accounting.
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Cost accounting is a specialized branch of accounting that involves the accumulation, assignment, and control of costs. It encompasses techniques like ascertainment of costs, estimation of costs, and cost control to aid in decision-making. Cost accounting plays a crucial role in budgeting, standard costing, and analyzing variances for profitability. By providing systematic procedures for recording and reporting cost data, cost accounting helps in cost reduction without compromising quality.
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Presentation Transcript
CLASS -1 2
COSTING In the Terminology of the ICMA London costing has been expressed as The techniques and processes of ascertaining cost . As a technique it implies a body of principles and rules applied for ascertaining cost. As a process it involves the procedure for ascertainment of cost. It is concerned with computation of cost and ascertainment of profits. 3
Costing Covers: Ascertainment of costs. Analysis of costs. Allocation of costs. Apportionment of costs. Absorption of cost. 4
It is a specialised branch of accounting that remains involved with accumulation , assignment and control of cost. CIMA London has defined it as The establishment of budgets , standard costs and actual costs of operations , processes , activities or products and the analysis of variances , profitability or the social use of funds . the classification , 5
Cost accounting provide a systematic set of procedures for recording measurements of cost of manufacturing goods and performing services. and reporting 1. Ascertainment of cost Cost ascertainment involves collection of cost data , their classification and condensation according their needs or functions and their appropriate allocation and absorption. 6
2. Estimation of cost It means pre determination of cost of units to be produced , jobs or orders to be executed and services to be rendered in future. It helps to establishment standard cost to give the scope of analysing variances and profitability. 3. Fixation of selling price The selling price is fixed by adding desired profit with actual cost or estimated cost . The quotation or tender price , value of different orders can be fixed with help. 7
4. Cost control Cost accounting techniques are applied to fix standards or budgeted cost. Comparison can be made with actual cost. Variances, wastages, losses or inefficiencies can be detected. 5. Cost reduction It provide techniques to reduce cost but to maintain or improve quality. It aims to reduce cost of goods and services , actual budgeting control and marginal costing. 8
6. Cost reporting It provides different pieces of information regarding goods produced and services rendered. The management requires such information to prepare cost statements and other statements as and when required. 7. Rendering assistance in decision making - cost accounting helps to determine cost volume profit relationship, operations to be shut down or making any replacement, etc. correct decision depend much upon cost accounting. 9
It is a branch of accounting related to the presentation of accounting information to the management in a manner to assist them in discharging their managerial function like planning , decision making and control. Management supply information about its past and present operations for deciding future trends and course of action. It contains techniques to solve problems , take right decisions, plan effectively and to exercise control. 10
The ICWAI opines that Management accounting is a system of collection and presentation of relevant economic information relating to an enterprise for planning , controlling and decision making. Budgetary control ,standard costing ,marginal costing , breakeven analysis, cost volume and profit analysis etc are some techniques used by cost accountant under management accounting. 11
