Conjunctions: A Comprehensive Guide
I,B,(P.G).COLLEGE,PANIPAT
CLASS – ENGLISH(H)
TOPIC- Conjunction
SINCERE THANKS TO
DR. AJAY KUMAR GARG
PRINCIPAL ,I.B P.G COLLEGE,PANIPAT
DR.MADHU SHARMA
HOD ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
PRESENTED BY
SONAL DOGRA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN ENGLISH
Conjunctions
A
conjunction is a word like
and, but, although, because.
Conjunctions have an important function because
they
join
other
words and phrases together.
Without
conjunctions, we could only
make
very, very
simple sentences. See also
What
is a
Conjunction?
Introduction
to
Conjunctions
We
can consider conjunctions
from
three
aspects.
1.
What do Conjunctions
Do?
Conjunctions have
two
basic functions or
"jobs":
C
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:
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.
Here are some example
conjunctions:
Here are some example
conjunctions:
2.
What do Conjunctions Look
Like?
Conjunctions have three basic
formats:
a.
single
word
for example:
and, but, because,
although
b.
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
(
o
f
t
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n
e
n
d
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g
w
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)
for example:
provided that, as long as, in
order
that
c.
c
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l
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t
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e
(
s
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)
f
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x
a
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e
:
s
o
.
.
.
t
h
a
t
3.
Where
do
Conjunctions
Go?
C
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
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n
g
c
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n
j
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c
t
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s
u
b
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r
d
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n
a
t
e
c
l
a
u
s
e
.
Coordinating
Conjunctions
A
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
n
g
c
o
n
j
u
n
c
t
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j
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p
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f
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)
t
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q
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a
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A
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e
:
There are seven coordinating
conjunctions,
and they
are all
short
words of only two or three letters:
and, but, or, nor, for, yet,
so
Look at these examples
-
the two elements that the
coordinating conjunction joins are shown in square
brackets
[
]:
I
l
i
k
e
[
t
e
a
]
a
n
d
[
c
o
f
f
e
e
]
.
[
R
a
m
l
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k
e
s
t
e
a
]
,
b
u
t
[
A
n
t
h
o
n
y
l
i
k
e
s
c
o
f
f
e
e
]
.
C
o
o
r
d
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n
a
t
i
n
g
c
o
n
j
u
n
c
t
i
o
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s
a
l
w
a
y
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c
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o
r
c
l
a
u
s
e
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
y
j
o
i
n
.
When a coordinating conjunction joins
independent
clauses,
it
is always
correct to
place a
comma
before
the
conjunction:
I
w
a
n
t
t
o
w
o
r
k
a
s
a
n
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t
e
r
p
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t
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f
u
t
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r
e
,
s
o
I
a
m
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
g
R
u
s
s
i
a
n
a
t
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
.
However,
if the
independent clauses are
short
and well-balanced, a comma
is
not really
essential:
S
h
e
i
s
k
i
n
d
s
o
s
h
e
h
e
l
p
s
p
e
o
p
l
e
.
When "and" is used with
the last
word
of
a
list,
a
comma
is
optional:
H
e
d
r
i
n
k
s
b
e
e
r
,
w
h
i
s
k
y
,
w
i
n
e
,
a
n
d
r
u
m
.
H
e
d
r
i
n
k
s
b
e
e
r
,
w
h
i
s
k
y
,
w
i
n
e
a
n
d
r
u
m
.
The 7 coordinating conjunctions are short, simple words. They have only
two
or three
letters.
There's an easy way to
remember them -
their initials
spell
"FANBOYS", like
this:
Subordinating
Conjunctions
A
s
u
b
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
n
g
c
o
n
j
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
j
o
i
n
s
a
s
u
b
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
e
(
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
)
c
l
a
u
s
e
t
o
a
m
a
i
n
(
i
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
)
c
l
a
u
s
e
Here are some common subordinating
conjunctions:
after,
although,
as,
because, before, how,
if,
once, since,
than,
that,
though, till, until, when, where, whether,
while
Look at this
example:
A
subordinate or dependent clause "depends" on a main or
independent
clause.
It
cannot
exist
alone. Imagine that somebody
says to you:
"Hello!
Although it was raining."
What
do you
understand?
Nothing!
But
a main
or independent clause can exist alone. You will understand very well
if
somebody
says to you:
"Hello! Ram went
swimming
."
A
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.
I
t
"
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s
"
a
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.
Conjunctions play a crucial role in language by joining words and phrases together to form complex sentences. This guide covers the basics of conjunctions, including types, functions, examples, and usage rules for coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. Explore the world of conjunctions through clear explanations and helpful examples.
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I,B,(P.G).COLLEGE,PANIPAT CLASS ENGLISH(H) TOPIC- Conjunction
SINCERE THANKS TO DR. AJAY KUMAR GARG PRINCIPAL ,I.B P.G COLLEGE,PANIPAT DR.MADHU SHARMA HOD ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
PRESENTED BY SONAL DOGRA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN ENGLISH
Conjunctions A conjunction is a word like and, but, although, because. Conjunctions have an important function because they join other words and phrases together. Without conjunctions, we could only make very, very simple sentences. See also What is a Conjunction? Introduction to Conjunctions We can consider conjunctions from three aspects. 1.What do Conjunctions Do? Conjunctions have two basic functions or "jobs": Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or clauses, for example: -Jack and Jill went up the hill. -The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming. Subordinating conjunctions are used to join a subordinate dependent clause to a main clause, for example: -I went swimming although it was cold. Here are some example conjunctions:
Here are some example conjunctions: Coordinating conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so although, because, since, unless 2.What do Conjunctions Look Like? Conjunctions have three basic formats: a.single word for example: and, but, because, although b.compound (often ending with as or that) for example: provided that, as long as, in order that c.correlative (surrounding an adverb or adjective) for example: so...that 3.Where do Conjunctions Go? Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join. Subordinating conjunctions usually come at the beginning of the subordinate clause.
Coordinating Conjunctions A coordinating conjunction joins parts of a sentence (for example words or independent clauses) that are grammatically equal or similar. A coordinating conjunction shows that the elements it joins are similar in importance and structure: There are seven coordinating conjunctions, and they are all short words of only two or three letters: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so Look at these examples - the two elements that the coordinating conjunction joins are shown in square brackets [ ]: I like [tea] and [coffee]. [Ram likes tea], but [Anthony likes coffee]. Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join. When a coordinating conjunction joins independent clauses, it is always correct to place a comma before the conjunction: I want to work as an interpreter in the future, so I am studying Russian at university.
However, if the independent clauses are short and well-balanced, a comma is not really essential: She is kind so she helps people. When "and" is used with the last word of a list, a comma is optional: He drinks beer, whisky, wine, andrum. He drinks beer, whisky, wine and rum. The 7 coordinating conjunctions are short, simple words. They have only two or three letters. There's an easy way to remember them - their initials spell "FANBOYS", like this: F A N B O Y S f o r and nor but or yet so
Subordinating Conjunctions A subordinating conjunction joins a subordinate (dependent) clause to a main (independent) clause Here are some common subordinating conjunctions: after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while Look at this example: main or independent clause subordinate or dependent clause Ram went swimming it was raining. although
main or independent clause subordinate or dependent clause subordinating conjunction A subordinate or dependent clause "depends" on a main or independent clause. It cannot exist alone. Imagine that somebody says to you: "Hello! Although it was raining." What do you understand? Nothing! But a main or independent clause can exist alone. You will understand very well if somebody says to you: "Hello! Ram went swimming." A subordinating conjunction always comes at the beginning of a subordinate clause. It "introduces" a subordinate clause. However, a subordinate clause can come after or before a main clause.
