Comprehensive Ship-Based Ice Measurements and Observations on Sikuliaq for Sea State DRI

This collection of images showcases various ship-based ice measurements and observations conducted on the research vessel Sikuliaq for Sea State DRI. The images include aspects such as sea ice observations, snow and ice thickness measurements, evaluation of orthorectification, and new snow and ice instrumentation on the vessel. Utilizing tools like Ice Camera (EISCAM), EMI, EM-31, and more, researchers gather crucial data on snow and ice conditions in polar regions, aiding in the study of environmental changes and their impact. The mix of digital ortho-photography, ice thickness measurements, and instrumentation upgrades highlights the ongoing efforts to improve data collection and analysis in this field.

• Ship-Based
• Ice Measurements
• Sea Ice
• Snow Thickness
• EMI

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1. Ship-Based Ice Measurements on Sikuliaq, ONR Sea State DRI Ice Observations, Ice Camera (EISCAM) and EMI

2. ASPeCt Sea Ice Observations

3. Snow and Ice Thicknesses from Ice Observations Total Snow/Ice Thickness Ice Camp 250 200 Total Thickness (cm) 150 Total Ice Thickness Snow Depth 100 50 0 -66 -67 -68 -69 -70 -71 Latitude (S)

4. EISCam sea ice digital ortho-photography Acquired oblique-view digital imagery is reprojected (orthorectified) to a nadir view Nadir true-scale images can be analyzed for sea ice spatial/physical parameters

5. Evaluation of the orthorectification Orthorectified Original Image

6. Ice Thickness from Ship-borne EM-31

7. Summary of EMI Snow and Ice Thickness Data (SIMBA, Bellingshausen Sea, 2007) 140 120 120 100 100 80 Frequency Frequency 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 0.12 0.40 0.67 0.94 1.22 1.49 1.76 2.04 2.31 2.58 2.86 3.13 3.40 3.68 3.95 0.24 0.57 0.90 1.23 Total Snow/Ice Thickness (m) 1.57 1.90 2.23 2.56 2.89 3.23 3.56 3.89 Total Snow/Ice Thickness (m) Inbound Track (n = 957, ~90km) Outbound Track (n = 1471, ~216km)

8. New Snow and Ice Instrumentation on the Sikuliaq for SeaState DRI Snow Radar-Continuous Line Track mounted in Tandem with Ship-Based EMI (KU new construction based on IceBridge design, currently under DURIP review) Ship-Based LIDAR-Continuous side-looking Swath along Track (Either purchased (under DURIP review) or contracted LIDAR rental) Both measured simultaneously (line tracks) with EMI. EMI and Snow Radar on approximate center line of swath. Simultaneously imaged with EISCAM visual photography and spot monitored with Ice Observations (half hour to hourly intervals).