Clauses in English Language
I.B.(PG) College,
Panipat
class: M.A.FINAL YEAR
LANGUAGE PAPER
Topic : CLAUSES
SINCERE THANKS TO:
DR.AJAY KUMAR GARG
PRINCIPAL , I.B. (PG) COLLEGE,PANIPAT
DR.MADHU SHARMA (H.O.D.)ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT
A group of words which forms a part of
sentence and contains a subject and a
predicate
Ex:
Hari was sleeping when I entered his room.
clause conjunction clause
I am ill so I cannot go to school today
1.
Principal clause /independent/main
clause
2.
Subordinate clause-
Noun clause
Adjective clause
Adverb clause
A clause which makes a complete sense
independently and stands by itself is called
a main, principal or an independent clause
Hari was sleeping
Sohan was laughing
I received a letter and replied to it
A clause which depends on some other
clause for its meaning is called dependent
or subordinate clause
Till you understand better
After she had left home
You must read the poem till you
understand better
I went there after she had left home
A group of words which contains a subject
and predicate of its own and does work of
noun
Ex :
I know that she is a teacher in the school
The enquiry proved that he was honest
It gives me great pleasure that you are with
me
Mohan will pass. we are sure of it
We are sure that Mohan will pass
I say something. I mean it.
I mean what I say
What causes malaria? Let us consider it.
Let us consider what causes malaria.
A group of words which contains a subject
and predicate of its own and does work of
an adjective
An adjective clause is introduced by
relative pronouns like
who/which/that/but/as and relative adverb
like where/when/why
The man who invited you to dinner is my
uncle
This is the book that I told you about
A group of words which contains a subject
and predicate of its own and does work of
adverb
I shall wait here till you return
I stopped the work because I was very tired
Adverb clauses may be classified –
Time,place,purpose,cause,condition,result,
comparision,supposition or concession
Adverb clause of time
-by using conjunctions like
when/whenever/before/after/as/since/till/once
I felt happy when I saw Madhavi
Place
-a clause of place introduced by where or
wherever
Wherever we went ,we were insulted
Purpose
-words like that/in order that/so that and
lest
He came to India so that he might marry to Indian
girl
Reason
- because/since/as/in as much as and that
I stopped the work because I was tired
Condition-if/unless
If you help me, I shall be happy
Result or consequences-
Madhavi was so beautiful that I loved her at first
sight
Comparison-
India is not so rich as America
Adverb clause of supposition or concession-
words like though/although/even if/while
and where as
Though she is clever ,she is not proud
I had never thought of marriage before I saw
Uma
I lost happiness in life after Padmaja had
died
Where there is a will, there is a way
I loved Madhavi because she was beautiful
He worked hard to earn money in order that
he might make his wife happy
Unless you try hard, you won’t get job
He speaks better than his sister
I do not know where she lives
This is the house which my father purchased
I cannot sleep while you are singing
Those die young whom the gods love
Using
who,what,whom,whose,where,that,which,
The boy ----- broke your slate is missing.
Those --------win the favour of God are polite.
Living with a person ------ integrity is doubtful
is full of risk.
She has a lot of novels---- she reads during her
spare time.
Her new car ---- is costly is well furnished.
This informative presentation delves into the concept of clauses in the English language, covering topics such as types of clauses (independent, subordinate, noun), definitions, examples, and how to combine sentences using clauses. Exploring the basics and intricacies of clauses can enhance your understanding of sentence structures.
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I.B.(PG) College, Panipat class: M.A.FINAL YEAR LANGUAGE PAPER Topic : CLAUSES
SINCERE THANKS TO: DR.AJAY KUMAR GARG PRINCIPAL , I.B. (PG) COLLEGE,PANIPAT DR.MADHU SHARMA (H.O.D.)ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
PRESENTED BY : REKHA SHARMA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
CLAUSE A group of words which forms a part of sentence and contains a subject and a predicate Ex: Hari was sleeping when I entered his room. clause conjunction clause I am ill so I cannot go to school today
TYPES OF CLAUSES 1. Principal clause /independent/main clause 2. Subordinate clause- Noun clause Adjective clause Adverb clause
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE A clause which makes a complete sense independently and stands by itself is called a main, principal or an independent clause Hari was sleeping Sohan was laughing I received a letter and replied to it
SUBORDINATE CLAUSE A clause which depends on some other clause for its meaning is called dependent or subordinate clause Till you understand better After she had left home You must read the poem till you understand better I went there after she had left home
NOUN CLAUSE A group of words which contains a subject and predicate of its own and does work of noun Ex : I know that she is a teacher in the school The enquiry proved that he was honest It gives me great pleasure that you are with me
COMBINE THE SENTENCES Mohan will pass. we are sure of it We are sure that Mohan will pass I say something. I mean it. I mean what I say What causes malaria? Let us consider it. Let us consider what causes malaria.
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE A group of words which contains a subject and predicate of its own and does work of an adjective An adjective clause is introduced by relative pronouns like who/which/that/but/as and relative adverb like where/when/why The man who invited you to dinner is my uncle This is the book that I told you about
ADVERB CLAUSE A group of words which contains a subject and predicate of its own and does work of adverb I shall wait here till you return I stopped the work because I was very tired Adverb clauses may be classified Time,place,purpose,cause,condition,result, comparision,supposition or concession
TYPES OF ADVERB CLAUSE Adverb clause of time-by using conjunctions like when/whenever/before/after/as/since/till/once I felt happy when I saw Madhavi Place-a clause of place introduced by where or wherever Wherever we went ,we were insulted Purpose-words like that/in order that/so that and lest He came to India so that he might marry to Indian girl Reason- because/since/as/in as much as and that I stopped the work because I was tired Condition-if/unless If you help me, I shall be happy Result or consequences- Madhavi was so beautiful that I loved her at first
CONTINUE----------------------- Comparison- India is not so rich as America Adverb clause of supposition or concession- words like though/although/even if/while and where as Though she is clever ,she is not proud
EXERCISE FOR ADVERB CLAUSE I had never thought of marriage before I saw Uma I lost happiness in life after Padmaja had died Where there is a will, there is a way I loved Madhavi because she was beautiful He worked hard to earn money in order that he might make his wife happy Unless you try hard, you won t get job He speaks better than his sister
IDENTIFY CLAUSE I do not know where she lives This is the house which my father purchased I cannot sleep while you are singing Those die young whom the gods love
COMPLETE THE SENTENCE Using who,what,whom,whose,where,that,which, The boy ----- broke your slate is missing. Those --------win the favour of God are polite. Living with a person ------ integrity is doubtful is full of risk. She has a lot of novels---- she reads during her spare time. Her new car ---- is costly is well furnished.
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